Kensington Rune Stone: A New Translation

B.L. Freeborn © January 2023

This paper is entirely in the pdf here. It is too long and complicated to be suitable for a blog post. It begins…

Kensington rune stone with runes traced.

Table of Contents

Introduction………………………….2
Before The ‘I’…………………………3
The Lines……………………………….5
The Numbers……………………..12
Calendar Dating…………………15
The ‘Skip’ Cipher…………………16
The ‘End O’ Cipher……………..17
The Telestic and Acrostic…..19
Finding the Lairs ………………..22
Gods and more…………………..25
From Lairs to Layers…………..26
Typical Baalist Statements…29
Summary Translation…………32
Conclusion…………………………..35
References……………………………36
Tables…………………………………….37

Kensington rune stone side text traced.

Introduction

It is time for a new translation of the Kensington Rune Stone from Minnesota. The provenance is known, over studied, over debated and grown dull. The skill of the craftsman is superb. The cuts are clear, clean, and precise. The major problem is the time honored translation. It cries fake! Here’s the gist of it – so many people have looked at it – but not. The following is an entirely new approach to studying this artifact. It is not the intention of this translation to end all debate – only to point out a few things have been overlooked. What is revealed is … well … revealing!

The old translation usually reads as follows:

‘8 Goths and 22 Norwegians on journey of exploration from Vinland over the west. We made camp by 2 slides one days journey north from this stone. We went and fished one day. After we came home (we) found 10 men red with blood and dead. AVM. Save us from evil. (We) have 10 men by (the) sea to look after our ship(s) 14 days journey from this island. Year 1362.’

Text Transliterated maintaining position.

The transliteration used here:

Front:
8 : GÖTER : OK : 22 : NORRMEN : BO :
I : OPDAGELSEFARD : FRO :
VINLAND : OF : VEST : VI :
HADE : LÄGER : WED : 2 : SK(IL)AR : EN :
DAGS : RISE : NORR : FRO : DENO : STEN :
WI : WAR : OK : FISKE : EN : DAGH : ÄPTIR :
WI : KOM : HEM : FAN : 10 : MAN : RÖDE :
AF : BLOD : OG : DED : AVM :
FRÄELSE : AF : ILL(ÜIG)

Side text transliterated maintaining position.

Side:
HÄR : 10 : MANS : WE : HAWET : AT : SE :
ÄPTIR : WORE : SKIP : 14 : DAGH : RISE :
FROM : DENO : ÖH : AHR : 1362 :
RI

This is called the plain text reading and the accepted translation is as seen above. This is what the average reader was supposed to get out of it. Behind this facade is a full and living story. It tells of a journey by a people we never knew existed and of their beliefs. It is told with humor and emotion. For your enjoyment and study – the really real – Kensington Rune Stone’s story……

The translation ………………… see pdf for continuation.

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*Easter Tables

** For numeric background see:

**Freeborn, B.L., Validating North American Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: The Secret Chamber, noahsage.com, January 2016. (Post)

Freeborn, B.L., Deciphering the Spirit Pond, Nomans Land and Narragansett Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Et in Arcadia Ego – OUOSVAVV DM – Deciphered, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Kensington Rune Stone: A New Translation, noahsage.com, February 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., Lifting the Veil of Time off the Rökstone of Sweden, noahsage.com, April 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., Runic Riddles: Time Capsules, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L. The Long Debated Bourne Stone, noahsage.com, January 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., The Nomans Land – Leif Eriksson Inscription, noahsage.com, December 2022. (An excerpt from the above.)

Freeborn, B.L., The Narragansett Inscription: A Translation with its Date of Dedication, Author and Inscriber, noahsage.com, October 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Newport Tower: Finding the Date of Dedication, its Designer and Builder, noahsage.com, October 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Runic Riddles: Younger Futhork, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Vinland Map – Encoded Riddle, noahsage.com, February 2023.

The Newport Tower: Finding the Year of Dedication, its Designer and Builder

B.L. Freeborn © October 30, 2022        (PDF version here.)

Who built the Newport Tower is a long standing question. It has been well proven by James Eagan that the tower is used for keeping time as the celestial bodies align with its numerous small windows. Eagan also noticed that certain letters formed with stones appear in the arches of the structure. Most notable and hard to miss is the >OI<. He found the Delta and P. He also thought the h was a Greek η. From there he determined, probably correctly, it spells out Rode as in Rhode Island. His theory states John Dee had the tower built in 1583 in connection with a colonization attempt which failed.

The tower is shown on the “Woods Map 1635’ by William Woods a colonist in Providence, RI (Syverson, pg.32) The map notes it as Old Plymouth. This is the earliest known record and predates Benedict Arnold senior’s ownership. Evidently Arnold knew what it was and probably who built it, but because of the possibility of these prior claims resurfacing he referred to it as an old windmill knowing very well only a fool would believe that.

After studying Eagan’s discovery for some time the other letters shown above were identified by this author. There are eight arches. Three of which have one letter displayed and five display two each. There is also a round stone on the interior opposite the >OI< stone on the northwest side. This makes fourteen altogether. To complicate the picture there is a runic inscription found over the southwest pillar (see images below). It was translated by Mongé (1967) and it reads Henricus 1116. This refers to Eirikr Gnupsson, a Bishop from Greenland that was sent to Vinland. Other theories as to the tower’s origin abound. The Henricus theory is at least supported by an inscription imbedded into the tower itself in the manner of a corner stone.

This paper is a study of the inscription and stone letters. It is also an addendum to Validating North American Runic Inscriptions (PDF). The translation is given here and the study with its numeric work follows which will be difficult to understand without having read the aforementioned paper.

Translation

The round stone on a peg in the NW arch is as indicative of Baal as a cross is to Christ. (The >OI< stones.) Furthermore, it would seem the stone letters spell out Baal. This leads to studying the ‘inscription’ as if it is of Baalist origin and if so, certain numbers must be present. Validating North American Runic Inscriptions describes how certain numbers are embedded in Baalist inscriptions. One should recall that the Catholic Church went to great lengths to stamp out Paganism in the time preceding and during Henricus’ tenure as Bishop. Apparently Baal was central to that religion which is why there are so many references to it hidden in runic riddles. The dedication to Baal at Newport tower is unmistakable. The stone letters are repeated here:
Reading in a clockwise manner – b O O L T I h Δ I O >I< P O
These are transliterated as:        B A  A L T I h D I A   I   R O

Note that the P in some languages is R. (The stones may actually depict an R.) The O’s can be either O or A.
Reading from the top clockwise find: RO, BAAL, TI, HI, DI, O, >I<
Also find: HIT, I TOOL, O LO, BOR, ROB, POL, RODE or RHODE and OH.

The first line suggests: Row, Baal, Tie, die, high, eye, two strikes at I.
The second adds: hit, I tool Rob, hole low, bore, pole; rod, red or road; and oh. We may conclude:

Rob designed and built.
Baal at the high tie hit. It hit twice at the eye in rows.
The hole is low where it bore the eye of the pole.
Rhode Island

These are typical Baalist statements except for the last one. The words are easily found in the inscription. Rhode Island perhaps requires an explanation. RHODE appears to be a combined anagram for Rod (or Red) and Oh (meaning island). A rod is a measuring length of 16.5 feet. The clay on the shores of Rhode Island is notably red so it might also refer to red. This suggests the name, Rhode Island, is much older than cited by modern authorities.

Then Comes Henricus

Above the southwest pillar of the tower is a runic inscription. Harek Williams examines it in a video with James Eagan and confirms it is human carved and nothing more. A much better source for proving it is an authentic runic carving is Alf Mongé. Why the latter? Harek Williams reads plain text runes from that period. He does not delve into runic puzzles or dated riddles. Alf Mongé was a cryptologist. He deciphered the deep scratch marks into runic letters and decoded them. He found it reads: Henricus 1116. This gives a lower limit to the age of the tower. Based on other runic inscriptions found along the east coast and the Narragansett inscription nearby this seems plausible.

The rapidity with which the tower is giving away to nature demands that it must be under constant care. This requires that, regardless of when it was built, it must have been periodically repaired. It has been nine hundred years since Bishop Henricus visited as implied by the runic inscription. The Spirit Pond stones are dated to 1214-1217. (Freeborn, Deciphering.., 2022) They commemorate his visit. The Kensington Stone’s date is 1362. It states the travelers came from the east. Perhaps, they too were at this settlement. In 1525 Verazzanno explored the coast but did not mention the tower. In 1583 John Dee sent an expedition to the area. By the 1600’s it was settled by colonists and it came under the care of Benedict Arnold senior. This could mean it received periodic maintenance since the time of its construction, on or after 1116, until Arnold’s ownership five hundred years later.

The date and builder need not be total speculation. The aforementioned inlaid letters tell the story of Baal. If they were chosen in the manner of a runic riddle, they may reveal more. Since Henricus was a master at runic riddles, and if this was built by him or in honor of him, then the symbols should contain further information. These riddles always concealed the date.

As far as John Dee being the designer, that is possible as well. However, and it is a very big however, he was a devoted Christian and this tower is clearly a dedication to Baal. The two are not mutually exclusive since Henricus was a Bishop of the church as well, but he lived at the point in time when Paganism, through genocide, was actively stamped out. To continue their religion and live, they were forced underground. A study of Dee’s mathematics does not display the numbers so prevalent in Baalist inscriptions which suggests he is not the creator.

After a mathematical study (which follows) of the letters through their gematria more information was derived. It would appear the tower was erected to commemorate Henricus’ visit in 1116.

DESIGNED and BUILT by ROB – DEDICATED 1216
to HONOR HENRICUS of 1116
LOCATED at 41.48̊N, 71.3̊W
RHODE ISLAND

Number Work and Proof of Transliteration

Certain numbers** appear when the letters in any Baalist inscription is converted to their numerical equivalent (gematria). The Newport Tower’s hidden letter/numbers are studied here. Numbers that are typically found are noted by a ✓ check mark. Simply put, if the numbers are not found, it is -not- a true Baalist inscription -or- the letters have been misinterpreted. Once the correct letters are proven via their gematria then the message about Baal can be read and also, possibly who wrote it and when. The result of this study is as noted above.

The proposed transcription of symbols imbedded in the arches of the Newport Tower is shown. The numbers are studied for repetitions and pertinent numbers. As stated, numbers found should be typical numbers found in Baalist encoded inscriptions. The P can also be an R. The symbol may actually be an R.

Norse Runic Gematria

Sum from T and around to first A = 79. From the same A to L is 23. So that it is 79,23.✓
Total sum is 98 or 89 in reverse which reminds one 89 x 89 = 7921. ✓
The sum from the Δ around again to the 7 is 89. ✓ The 79 is also imbedded in the text. ✓
Even more notable the 9,3,9 sum to 21 so it becomes 7921. ✓
The sum from the first A to first I is 51. ✓ The sum from H to the right and around to L is 86. ✓
The 28 appears twice which is half of 56.✓ The sum from B to the left around to the I (by H) is 56.✓
The sum from first I to the last O is 43. ✓
Note the 12’s at T, ID, DI. Note the 13 at AI just following the 12.
Note the 14 at IR. Lastly, note 7 and 9 sum to 16.
By summing adjoining numbers find: 13,17, 19, 15, 19,12, 16, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 9, 17…
On either side of the 16 is a 12, then 12, 12, 13, 13, 14.

In dated runic riddles the Golden Number (GN), Day Letter (DL) and Line # are used to denote a year since every year has specific values that can be found in Easter Tables (a calendar device created in 525 AD). After having tried many dates it appears 1216 is implied. It has GN 1, DL 2,3 (a leap year) and Line #3. This is a series: 1,2,3.The idea of consecutive numbers is seen in the sequential 12’s, 13’s and 14. Further confirmation is found in the 3 that follows the 7,9 (sum 16).

Year 1217 is similar in that it has Line #3, GN 2 and DL 1. There are two 17’s present in the list and years are typically stated then confirmed. It is not stated as clearly as 1216 as implied by the numeric order. The Line # is positioned closer to 1216. Year 1117 is also implied with Line #19, GN 16 and DL 7. But again it is not clearly stated.

The location is also found in the runic gematria. One cannot just ‘read’ the location. It is just a bit of bragging by the inscriber that he knew the correct coordinates. Hence, one must know the location beforehand! The values are: 41.48̊N, 71.3̊W with respect to the Greenwich Meridian. (Its apparent accuracy suggests they were using this meridian as opposed to other available meridians.) The sum from H to the last I is 41. The sum from B to T is 48. This suggests 41.48.✓

Similarly, 71 runs from the H to the end and around to the T. From the R back around and including the second A is 30. So 71.30. ✓ It would seem the inscriber did know the correct coordinates.

The tower also spells out RHODI or Rhode. These letters have values: 5,7,4,3,9 = 28. ✓

The Structure Contributes

The structure is set up to provide numbers as well. There are 8 pillars and 10 symbols that appear on five arches (two each). One symbol (the red stone) is in the inside and three arches have only one symbol for a total of 14 symbols. 4 x 14 = 56.✓

There are five arches with two symbols each or 10. There are three with one each for 3. Total 13. There is a single round red stone on the interior. So 1. 1 and 13 ➟ ➟ 113 = 56.5 x 2. ✓
There are 8 pillars and of course, 8 arches. A square of sides 5.656 has a diagonal of 8. ✓
There are double symbols in 5 arches and single symbols in 3.
If the first arch with B is #1, then the arches with two symbols are found on: 3, 5, 6, 7,8. The ever present 3 is represented, then 56 and 7 x 8 is 56 again.✓ Similarly, if B is #1, then it is 1 symbol, then 1 symbol, then 2 symbols; or 112 which is twice 56.✓

One may conclude after finding so many instances of numbers typically found in Baalist documents that the transliteration is correct.

Runic Inscription Study

This is a summary of Mongé’s decipherment. It is a group of five runes and two are joined runes: (HE) N (IK) R S or Henricus. There is an arrow to the right. The arrow is another feature common on Baalist inscriptions.** Using runic gematria, the year 1116 is found. The (HE) is 16. The S is 11. The R is 16. The (IK) is 15. The line number on the Easter Table is 15. The date 1116 is confirmed by the grouping 4 then 1 for GN 4 and DL 1. It is worth reading Mongé’s study (Mongé, pgs 128-129).

Conclusion

The Newport Tower’s embedded letters when converted to gematria reveal numbers typical to Baalist documents. Their transliteration and subsequent translation educate us in a long lost religion. That this tower displays these features severely narrows the field of possible builders. It also strongly suggests that the northern peoples, Norse and others, inhabited this region known as Rhode Island for some time and built an elegant edifice in the year 1216.

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*Easter Table PDF

Similar Articles by the Same Author

** For numeric background see:

**Freeborn, B.L., Validating North American Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: The Secret Chamber, noahsage.com, January 2016. (Post)

Freeborn, B.L., Deciphering the Spirit Pond, Nomans Land and Narragansett Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Et in Arcadia Ego – OUOSVAVV DM – Deciphered, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Kensington Rune Stone: A New Translation, noahsage.com, February 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., Lifting the Veil of Time off the Rökstone of Sweden, noahsage.com, April 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., Runic Riddles: Time Capsules, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L. The Long Debated Bourne Stone, noahsage.com, January 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., The Nomans Land – Leif Eriksson Inscription, noahsage.com, December 2022. (An excerpt from the above.)

Freeborn, B.L., The Narragansett Inscription: A Translation with its Date of Dedication, Author and Inscriber, noahsage.com, October 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Newport Tower: Finding the Date of Dedication, its Designer and Builder, noahsage.com, October 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Runic Riddles: Younger Futhork, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Vinland Map – Encoded Riddle, noahsage.com, February 2023.

References

Creedon, Marc, Runologist Henrik Williams Examines the Newport Tower, Youtube, April 2015.

Eagan, James Alan, Elizabethan America: The John Dee Tower of 1583/ A Renaissance horologium in Newport, Rhode Island, Cosmopolite Press, Newport, Rhode Island, 2011.

*Monge, Alf & O.G. Landsverk, Norse Medieval Cryptography in Runic Carvings, Norseman Press, Glendale, California, 1967.

Syversen, Earl, Norse Runic Inscriptions with Their Long-forgotten Cryptography, The Vine Hill Press, Sebastopol, California, 1979.

Derogatory article by Aslak Liestol of Alf Mongé’s work: http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/41/v41i01p034-042.pdf  and….

…Landsverk responded to these comments in Ancient Norse Messages pg. 126-129; and often in Runic Records of the Norsemen in America.

ET IN ARCADIA EGO – OUOSVAVV DM – Deciphered

B.L. Freeborn © December 2022        (PDF version here.)

Shugborough Inscription beneath Anson’s Version of Poussin’s Et In Arcadia Ego – From Wikipedia

The Shugborough Inscription is a sequence of letters ‘OUOSVAVV’ on the first line and ‘DM’ spaced far apart on the second line. It is on a monument built between 1748 and1756 commissioned by Thomas Anson. Above it is a relief by sculptor Peter Scheemakers which is a variation of the Poussin painting Et in Arcadia ego. The famous painting by Nicolas Poussin displays this inscription on a tomb. It translates from Latin as ‘I am also in Arcadia.’ This inscription has eleven letters on top and three on bottom. The Poussin painting was done in 1637-1638. He did an earlier version in 1627. Previous to this, Guercino painted a similar but different version in 1618-1622. The original inspiration is a poem by Roman poet Virgil known as Ecologues. In this poem from 40 BC the inscription on the tomb of Daphnis is described. The tomb is in ‘Arcades.’ Daphnis was a shepherd in ancient Greek mythology.

Although the number of shepherds changes from two to three as the work progresses they all include a tomb. At some point in time the full phrase ‘Et in Arcadia ego’ was developed. The fact that Anson invokes this phrase and adds several elements to it suggests there is more to it besides his still undeciphered cipher some 270 years later.

It would seem he saw something in Et in Arcadia ego that others had not and added the lower inscription as a clue to revealing what is in the original phrase which is most definitely a cipher as well.

Indeed, his efforts resulted in creating a perplexing mystery. The solution to Anson’s ‘OUOSVAVV’ and to the riddle concealed in Et in Arcadia ego follow.

Part I: OUOSVAVV DM

Image Details

Et in Arcadia Ego, relief of painting by Poussin at Shugborough – From Wikipedia

Before solving it, note what the image gives us:
• A woman on the left stands tall but looks down.
• The sky is tumultuous. On the upper coffin is a round wreath.
• Her right arm is bent and rests on her hip. It forms an arc.
• There are 3 shepherds each of whom has a staff. One leans to the left by the woman. The other two lean to the right. Two of the staffs seem to join at the bottom in a very large V.
• Two of the shepherds gesture at the inscription. Their thumbs are out creating V’s. It is said they are pointing at the N and R but in fact they frame the letter A.
• The third shepherd rests his arm on the tomb with 3 fingers together. This also appears in the Poussin version.
• Their arms form two arcs. The Poussin uses a shadow to depict a third arm /arc.
• While the other three look at the inscription, the shepherd on the left looks directly at the observer with a smile on his face.

Is he laughing because this is a riddle? With those images in mind, the solutions move forward.

Cipher #1: O U O S V I V V – D M

For background purposes:
Many alphabets have numerical equivalents for their letters called gematria. Hebrew, Greek and Futhork are three which have gematria. Hebrew and Greek gematria are still in use today. Then to complicate matters, just slightly, do not forget there are also Roman Numerals which are letters as well. The solution requires the Hebrew gematria – first.

The gematria used by Anson is:

  • O is A or 70.    U is Vav or 6.    S is S or 60.
  • D is D or 4.   M is M or 40. 
  • The I is both 10 and /or Roman numeral 1. 
  • V is Vav or 6, but then again it is also a 5 as in a Roman V.

The O and U are reversed. There is only one S. The I is in the correct position but there is no N. However, there is an M just below. In Hebrew gematria M has value 40 and N has value 50.
There are two V’s where there should be an N. Two Roman V’s equal 10 and 40 + 10 = 50 ⇒ N. Missing N found. ✓

It is convenient that the UO is reversed because then by putting the D in front the word DUO can be spelled. An S follows. Perhaps he meant a DUO of S’s. Missing S found. ✓

The first letter is O and as stated previously it has value 70. The P in Hebrew has value 80. Once again add two V’s or 10 and find 70 + 10 = 80 ⇒ P. ✓

Notice that the DO creates the word ‘do’ which refers to Poussin. He did it. Similarly, if the V’s are replaced by N the last two letters spell NM which sounds remarkably like ‘name.’

The inscription then simply reads: DO POUSSIN NaMe. – – One mystery solved. ✓

By creating this exercise, Anson has shown us several clues to resolve the riddle in the original inscription. Note that it required two numeric systems to solve it (Hint #1) and more importantly, fixed the value of the O’s at 70 (Hint #2).

Before going further, see this puzzle in a new way – as an image. It has 3 V’s. (This is similar to the V’s and three formed by the shepherds’ hands.) It has a pattern OUO. Recall this used Hebrew gematria and the name of god in Hebrew is Yahweh spelled יהוה. It portrays the same alternating pattern. The numbers in Yahweh are 565 10.

We must pause for a moment for a bit of seemingly irrelevant information. In drafting, when drawing an image of an object, two versions are often shown: the plan view – as if one is looking down; and the side view – as if one is looking at the side. Now – in your minds eye – look at the O’ and U’s as if they are plan and side views of an object. This will be called Anson’s Big Hint.

These -3- letters are followed by an S. Recall S often represents the word South. This idea will repeat later.

Cipher #1 Numbers

This requires numbers for a while…distasteful to many… lovely to others.

  • Yahweh or יהוה or 565 10 can be seen in the last four letters. The V is 5 and then VI is 6. Two V’s is 10. In the fifth and sixth position from the left is V and I. This is 5th and 6th then 5 and 6.

Fully substituting now for the phrase but using only Hebrew gematria it equates to:

70 6 70 60 6 10 6 6
     4 40

  • Find 76 twice at the start. And it repeats again with 70 60. It repeats again with 60,6,10.
  • If the last four are seen as Roman numerals 5 1 5 5 = 16 and 60. Together 16+60 = 76.
  • The last four as shown sum to 28. The pattern of the layout is 2 letters and 8 letters or 28. The product of 4 (on line two) and 70 is 280.
  • The 4 repeats in the 40. They sum to 44. The top line sums to 234.
  • If the I is seen as a Roman 1, then the top line sum is 225 and 4 x 225 is 900.
  • If the I is seen as a Roman 1, the sum from 60 right becomes 79. The remaining numbers sum to 190. See this as a series 79,190…..or…. 7919.
  • There are four 6’s or 24.

Let’s give some of these meaning.

  • The period of Halley’s comet is 76 years.
  • There are 24 hours in a day and 24 hours of longitude mark the planet.
  • Each hour has 60 minutes.
  • The number of seconds of longitude is 86400. This is also the number of seconds in a day. Half of this is 432,000 or 432 for short. Reverse this number and find 234.
  • The 900 reminds one the pole lies at 90̊.
  • The diameter of the planet is 7920 miles.
  • The 28 is repeated twice so it must be important. Indeed, a 40 is present and a square of sides 40 has a diagonal of 56.56 which is a number similar to that just seen above.

All but two of the numbers reference time and/or longitude. One reference is to God and the other is to a comet.

How many of these numbers will repeat in that first phrase ET IN ARCADIA – EGO?

Cipher #2 ET IN ARCADIA EGO

To continue, we convert these lines to their numeric equivalent in Hebrew.

  • Each line begins with 79. (70+9) and (70+3+6). T to A (9+10+50+10) is also 79 and it is followed by 200. This is 79200.
  • Sum of top line (376) minus second line (79) is 297. A jumbled 792.
  • IN (10+50) provides 60.
  • NA (50+1) provides 51.
  • I to R (10+50+10+200) provides 270.
  • N and O (50+6) provides 56. The number of letters on the first line is 11 and on the second is 3 so together as 113 it is twice 56.5.
  • From C to A (20+1+4+10+1) is 36.

This much shorter list gives us 51, 36, 376 and 270 that are new.

  • There are 360̊ in a circle.
  • Due west is at 270̊.
  • The Greenwich Meridian is at latitude 51.51̊.
  • 3 76 should be seen as 3 and 76. We have seen the 3 in the Big Hint OUO.

Evidently then, these numbers do relate to longitude and latitude.

The following important note is made. Normally E should equal 1 and A should equal 70. If this arrangement is chosen, nothing is found. Anson did the same manipulation in his riddle. ‘O’ normally has value 6 but he changed it to 70.

The original phrase Virgil used in his poem was only ‘Arcades.’ Someone in turn added the ET IN and EGO with the latter on the second line and changed ‘Arcades’ to ‘Arcadia.’ Presumably this was done in the same manner we say American for someone from America. The endings are just a change in suffix.

Let’s make it worse. After all, Hint #1 suggests two gematrias may be in play here. Having tried Latin and found nothing, the next one attempted was Futhork. This alphabet is used primarily only by the most northern peoples. This inscription is very reminiscent of their style of runic riddles except in Latin letters. Since positioning is of great importance to runic riddles, it is likely the E was aligned under or almost under the I when this was first written. Furthermore, since it is in Latin and Hebrew gematria provides numbers of interest, it is likely the writer was extremely well educated. So, we proceed by using the Younger Futhork. (E and I share value 9. See chart at end.)

This seems random except the 5 and 6 follow each other. So we begin there:

  • RC is 56.
  • NGO is 864.
  • Sum from R to end is 43.
  • Sum of phrase ‘In Arcadia’ is 70. There are two 9’s one above the other and to the left is (9+12) or 21 so…70, 9,21 or… 7921.
    The letters IN provide 98 which reminds one 89 x 89 = 7920.
  • Sum from first I to last I is 60.
  • Sum from first I to R is 32. Sum of ADIA is 32.
  • Sum from first I to D is 51.
  • Sum from C to last I is 28.
  • Sum of A above O is 14.
  • 9+9 = 18.
  • Sum of the top line is 91 and of the second is 19. Note 91 in reverse is 19.

A few of these are new but actually repeat the same ideas.

  • 14 is half of 28 which is half of 56.
  • 32 is 5.65 x 5.65.
  • There are 180̊ degrees of latitude.
  • There are 19 lines in the Easter table. (See below.)

Evidently, it is far from random! Indeed, it can be summed as follows to find something else of great interest.

When was ‘he’ in Arcadia

This is a date. All the runic riddles, as shown by Alf Mongé (1967), are dated via the Easter Tables. This form of calendar was invented in 525 AD by Dionysius Exiguus but was in use in other forms since 390 AD. In the Easter Tables (used to place Easter – a moveable holiday) each year is identified by three numbers: Line #, Golden Number (GN) and Day Letter (DL). There are 19 lines for 532 years and then the calendar recycles. Each line represents 28 years by GN and DL. Each DL tells what day of the week the year started. (The period of years during which these runic riddles were being written is covered by the appended chart.)

‘Vinland: 1011’ As seen Spirit Pond Map Stone

Above we see how a year date is implied by the riddle master. The date should appear twice. Once literally and once at least by confirmation with Line #, GN and DL. One must proceed somewhat by trial and error. Notice the 15. If this is a Line #, it begins with year 1000. Numbers 1010, 1011 and 1012 are present. The first, 1010 has GN 4, DL 1 which is indicated by the 4 next to the 15. Year 1011 and year 1012 are indicated by GN’s 5 and 6 which appear just above them. They have DL’s 7 and 5,6 (leap year) respectively. The DL’s for 1012 are just above. There is no 7 or sum to 7. This gives a span of years from 1010 to 1012 which is very significant. The Spirit Pond runestone SP-3 from Maine dates itself to 1010 and 1011. Also part of the same collection, the amulet stone clearly states Vin 1010; and the Map Stone states Vinland 1011. It can be said then there is support for this interpretation. But it gets better….

Who Wrote It

We know Virgil wrote the original phrase ‘Arcades’ about the year 40 BC. The age of Rome and widespread Paganism. We know Poussin and Guercino both immortalized it around 1630 in its present form. The era of the Pilgrams and witch trials. The above dating suggests that before or in the year 1010 ‘someone’ added the Et In /Ego to the phrase. The era when northern kings of Norway, Denmark and Sweden chose Christianity and began to oppress Paganism earnestly. Anson added his own two lines to those words around 1750. The age when freedom of religion was beginning to take shape. Who then added those three words during the era of Pagan oppression in the north?

Fortunately, many of these encrypted riddles do include the name of the author. Often it is concealed in the telestic/acrostic lines. These are the end letters running down or up the left and right sides of the inscription. In this case EE/AO reveals nothing. Now one should check the letters from both ends as noted by the word count for each line. In this case there are three words on the first line and one on the second. The third letters in, on the first line, are I and D. The first letters on the second are E and O. This is IE from the left and DO from the right.

The letters tell us two things. Anson also found this since he repeated the same ‘DO’ in his riddle. The name of the writer is then IE. But, this is a problem. It is not a name but the Latin phrase ‘ie.’ which is still in use. It essentially means ‘to restate’ or ‘as stated.’ The name then is obvious. ??? It turns out EGO is a male name of Swedish/ Danish/ Norwegian origin. But the text also uses the word ET which means in Latin ‘and.’ Interestingly, another name is also apparent at the same point in the inscription: IN and below it GE – Inge. So it reads:

INGE ET EGO DO – IN ARCADIA – 1010 – 1012

Inge and Ego wrote this – who were in Arcadia in 1010 to 1012

Another mystery appears. Where was Arcadia of the myths and was it a real place in 1010?

Conceal and Anagram

It has become blatantly obvious something else is concealed here. As it happens often in these riddles when an acrostic or telestic requires a letter in a certain position something will be misspelled or words will be compressed together. Let us look at it again. Perhaps if the D is used twice and EGO becomes AGO then it reads:

ET IN ARC / A D / D I / A AGO

Now note: ET spells ‘eat’and AD means ‘fire’ in Old English. It means ‘hell’ in Russian. DI can be taken to mean ‘die’ and ago means ‘in the past.’ Now the phrase becomes: Eat in arc, fire, die, A – a long time ago.

It was eaten in an arc. By fire died A – a long time ago.

The letter framed by the shepherds hands was A. This then is a tomb in memory of ‘A.’ Sound strange? It is about to get even stranger.

We have just assumed the word spacing was compressed. What if this contains anagrams? What words do we see? Die, eat, go, roc(k), net, near, gore, dare, tear, gear, care, gone, ran. And then there is that Big Hint Anson gave…cup or was it a can?

Perhaps this says: ET I I CANADA GORE

No? We can be relatively certain this is the intended meaning by looking at the gematria in Hebrew:

ET I I CANADA       70 9 10 10 20 1 50 1 4 1

GORE                        3 6 200 70

These are found: 7920, 40, 60, 51, 51, 56, 77, 141 and 36, 270, 279. All of which were seen above. But again we have compressed CANADA into one word. Should it be CAN 141? Or CAN AD A? Either way, the whole thing becomes strange. Were Ego and Inge actually in Canada in 1010? Was it even called Canada then?

Virgil used the word ‘Arcades’ and it was where ‘Daphnis’ the shepherd was from. In Latin: ‘arc’ is arc, ‘cade’ is fall, ‘ad’ is to, and ‘caed’ is kill (the root of cadaver). It ends in S. Together it is: arc-fall to death-S. Whereas, Daphnis is not quite so obvious. It is four words together as well: hid-pan-I-S or hid-pan-eye-S. The ending ‘nis’ is remarkably close to ‘N is S’ and English ‘ness’ seen in other runic riddles. A study of many of the names Virgil used are like this. Perhaps the common theme here is Paganism.

It was eaten in an arc. By fire died A – a long time ago.

Inge and Ego wrote this – who were in Canada in 1010 to 1012

Remember – history is written by the victor.

The remainder of the secret is now easy to grasp, if the mind is willing.

Image at Virgil’s Tomb is reminiscent of Ragnarok.

 

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From Wikipedia

Similar Articles by the Same Author

** For numeric background see:

**Freeborn, B.L., Validating North American Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: The Secret Chamber, noahsage.com, January 2016. (Post)

Freeborn, B.L., Deciphering the Spirit Pond, Nomans Land and Narragansett Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Et in Arcadia Ego – OUOSVAVV DM – Deciphered, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., Kensington Rune Stone: A New Translation, noahsage.com, February 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., Lifting the Veil of Time off the Rökstone of Sweden, noahsage.com, April 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., Runic Riddles: Time Capsules, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L. The Long Debated Bourne Stone, noahsage.com, January 2023.

Freeborn, B.L., The Nomans Land – Leif Eriksson Inscription, noahsage.com, December 2022. (An excerpt from the above.)

Freeborn, B.L., The Narragansett Inscription: A Translation with its Date of Dedication, Author and Inscriber, noahsage.com, October 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Newport Tower: Finding the Date of Dedication, its Designer and Builder, noahsage.com, October 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Runic Riddles: Younger Futhork, noahsage.com, December 2022.

Freeborn, B.L., The Vinland Map – Encoded Riddle, noahsage.com, February 2023.

References

Gordon, Cyrus, Riddles in History, Crown Publishers, Inc. New York, 1974.

Landsverk, O.G., Runic Records of the Norsemen in America, Erik J. Friis, Publisher, Rushford, MN, 1974.

Mongé, Alf & O.G. Landsverk, Norse Medieval Cryptography in Runic Carvings, Norseman Press, Glendale, California, 1967.

Derogatory article by Aslak Liestol of Alf Mongé’s work: http://collections.mnhs.org/MNHistoryMagazine/articles/41/v41i01p034-042.pdf  and….

…Landsverk responded to these comments in Ancient Norse Messages pg. 126-129; and often in Runic Records of the Norsemen in America.

Wikipedia articles on: Guercino ‘Et in Arcadia Ego’ ; Virgil ; Poussin ‘Et in Arcadia Ego’ ; Shugborough Inscription ; and many others.

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The Message Sitting Plainly in Sight at Newgrange

Stone in front of Newgrange, Ireland. Photo provided by Wikimedia.

Stone in front of Newgrange, Ireland. Photo provided by Wikimedia.

© 2018 B. L. Freeborn

Before we continue on with the alphabet….. another kerb stone from Ireland.

Newgrange, Ireland is a large pre-historic monument called a passage tomb. It is older than the Great Pyramids. In front of it sits what is called a kerb stone adorned with Neolithic art.

Most people who look at this stone see pre-historic graffiti despite the fact it is sitting in front of a spectacular building.

Notice on the far right there are actually two squares above a shape like a mountain. There is a swirl shape above which is perhaps a cloud? Notice at the top center a vertical straight line. Perhaps a pole?

Could this be a story which reads right to left. Does it say two daggers struck a mountain from the clouds above? Everything turned and churned at the pole. There was more turning and churning as more daggers ricocheted from the pole.

Could it be possible there is more written here in a language we were meant to understand? Could this be a message written in math?

There are three large swirls followed by six swirls. Most could read the message that far. 3 and 6 as in 36 or 3 + 6 = 9.

But all of the 6 swirls are not complete. There are 4 complete and 2 partial. Then that is 2, 4 or 24. Or it might be 42. These numbers 24 and 36 bring to mind hours in a day and seconds in an hour? Degrees in a circle?

Perhaps it is just 32. The square of 5.65 is 32. So we might say 5.65 is at the pole or 56.5?

How delightfully co-incidental of them to doodle in such a scientific manner!!!

But there are two key numbers missing…the diameter of the sun 864,000 miles or seconds of longitude 86400; and the diameter of the Earth 7920 miles. The first four squares plus the large three circles equals 7. The 3 swirls followed by the 6 equals 9. The 6 swirls are followed by 4 shapes or 10. So perhaps this is 7910!!

What of the diameter 864000? The radius is then 432,000. We have the 4 squares, 3 swirls and then 2 swirls or 432. This looks remarkably like the radius.

Taking one last look at the stone we see on the right side: 1 cloud, 1 mountain and 2 dagger/squares for 112. Twice 56 is 112.

It might be concluded that it says the pole is at 79.10 degrees and at 56.5 degrees. Surely, the magnetic pole used to lie close to N 56.5, W 79.2.

There is a Sumerian saying: “The knowing may show the knowing. The unknowing shall not see it.”

And we did not.

Back to other posts on kerb stones.

On to the next post on the Indo-European Language.

Back to the last post.

Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: The Secret Chamber

© 2016 B. L. Freeborn (updated Feb. 2023)           (PDF version of post)

This stone with a Latin inscription was found in rural New York.

This stone with a Latin inscription was found in rural New York.

Another ancient riddle presents itself in stone. This one is also from rural New York. The very readable words ‘In camera’  are still used today. It is a legal term in Latin for behind closed doors or in secret. What secret does this stone hold?

Roman numerals were in common use until the 11th century when they began to be replaced by Arabic style. They persisted into the 15th century and in some instances are still used today. The numbers read:  XLV = 45, XXX = 30, LXXV = 75, and LIII = 53.

Obverse side of stone with a Latin inscription found in rural New York.

Obverse side of stone with a Latin inscription found in rural New York. Numbers read 45 30 and 75 53.

What then do the numbers mean? Hint. Notice 30 + 45 = 75. When does 45 equal 75?

Perhaps in true ‘Da Vinci Code’ style the words In Camera are an anagram or in an entirely different language?

Find the words in italics on the front face:

Baal struck the center of the rule that governs the world.

The eye marks the angle that divides.

The smoking rocks struck deep into the mountain of ice

and the water flowed.

The numbers read:

XLV = 45, XXX = 30,

LXXV = 75, and LIII = 53.

Notice 30 + 45 = 75. When does 45 equal 75? And what of the other numbers?

  • 45 minutes equals .75 hours.
  • .53 radians equals 30 degrees.
  • 45 and 30 as 4530 is 79 radians.
  • The sum of 75, 53 and 30 is 158 or twice 79.
  • The sum of all four numbers is 203. There are 360 degrees in a circle. 203 / 360 = .564.

Notice that if the numbers in the top line are adjusted to be 4.5 and 3.0 then:

  • Sum 75 to 4.5 and find 79.5 and then sum 53 to 3.0 and find 56.0.

The hidden numbers then are 79, 79, 79.5, 56, .564.

The association with time, degrees and radians suggests measures of longitude and latitude.

What lies at 79 degrees West and 56 degrees North?

———-

Perhaps the two V’s are lined up for a reason. They point downwards between the A and M of Cam in ‘In camera.’ The word ‘am’ in Old English means ‘reed’ suggesting a measuring stick. The word ‘cam’ suggests came. The picture has a ruler on an index which reinforces the previous idea. Are the two V’s double daggers or twin comets? Does it say” in – came -arrows”? Is the octopus actually a smoking crater in a mountain of ice?  In Old English ‘Amier’ means destroyed.

Notice these other words: LIN or Line, MAC or make, LAER or lair, and there are three X’s in a row.

Is the phrase ‘IN CAMERA’ an anagram for:

  • Can I mare … meaning …’round eye sea’?
  • Mark lie in A …?
  • I name Carl … meaning… ‘I, Carl, wrote this’
  • N. America?

– – – – –

Furthermore, if the Younger Futhark Alphabet and its number equivalents are used, the text can be transliterated into numbers so that it reads:

Text…………….  into numbers …….. and sums.

XL    V  XXX… 10 15    2    10 10 10… Sum is 57

LXX V  LIII….. 15 10 10 2 15 9 9 9…. Sum is 79. ✓

IN CAM ERA… 9 8 6 10 14 9 5 10… Sum is 71.

9,8,6,10,14,9 sums to 56 then 5,10 or 565,10  This looks remarkably like 56.5 and the numeric value of Yahweh 5,6,5,10.

Sometimes the longitude and/or latitude of the location where a stone was inscribed is recorded in the text. The problem is the location has to be known first. The sum 71 looks like the longitude of Newport, Rhode Island area. The sum of the 15 and 9,9,9 is 42 which is remarkably close to its latitude as well. Boston Harbor has values 71.0̊ W and 42.36̊ N. The Nomans Land Inscription was found at 71̊ W and 41.3̊N. The three X’s sum to 30. Newfoundland Island is at 56.5̊W and 48̊N. The sum from 10 to 10 in the last line is 48. Since the subject of the numbers discussed at the beginning is latitude/longitude, it is highly likely that some location is recorded here in addition to the location of the ‘secret chamber.’ These locations are implied by the numeric text.

There is perhaps a date here as well. Notice the word ERA which means ‘time period.’ Numerically this is 9,5,10. Just above this word is the number LIII or 53 and the second line if summed as 15,10,10,2,15,1 and 1,1 is … 53 and 2 or 532 which repeats the 53. This number 532 is important to dates in that the Perpetual Easter Calendar is on a 532 year cycle. To use the table three numbers are required: the Golden Number (GN), Day Letter (DL), and usually the line number or some way to narrow down the possibilities.

In this case using ERA or 9,5,10 the date 1130 is found. This is line #19, GN 10, DL 5. The three III in the Latin numerals provides for the 11 in 1130. The 30 is above in the XXX. This is the most likely date but it should be noted that the following dates can also be found and are also supported by the text: 1112,1211,1009,1199,1015,1201,and 1220. All of them are plausible but 1130 is the most clearly stated. We shall just conclude:

Carl wrote this in 1130 on the east coast of America.

In the North lies the Eye Can Sea where in a line are three marks

in the melting ice mountains from the double comet.

They struck at the pinnacle, at the measuring point.

The three are the lairs in camera.

Similar Runic posts begin here.

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From Wikipedia

Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: New York Baal Stone

The Baal Stone from upstate New York written in Phoenician script circa 800 BC

The Baal Stone from upstate New York written in Phoenician script circa 800 BC

© 2016 B. L. Freeborn

Another ancient riddle presents itself in this stone (about 12″ wide) written in Phoenician Letters circa 800 BC which was found in rural New York.

Is this the Eye of Baal in the center of the stone?

Is it a comet that splits into two parts?

Or is it the Phoenician letter T?

In the image below, the stone is translated using Anglo-Saxon. It reads: “There is the eye of power. It is here at the quay that divides.”

If it is read using the T as a tie then it reads: “It burnt a pit out of the net and it is eaten quite large at the stop for the tie.”

Translation of the New York Baal Stone with 800 BC Phoenician Letters and Anglo-Saxon

Translation of the New York Baal Stone with 800 BC Phoenician Letters and Anglo-Saxon

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Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: The Mammoth at the Top of the World

Elephant Tablet found during construction of Cuenca Airport, Ecuador

Elephant Tablet found during construction of Cuenca Airport, Ecuador

© 2016 B. L. Freeborn, Updated August 2022

This piece from the Crespi Collection was found during construction of the Airport in Cuenca, Ecuador. By identifying the letters as Paleo-Hebrew (Phoenician) circa 200 to 100 BC and Hebrew Letters as derived by J. Huston McCulloch in his study of the Newark Decalogue Stone from Ohio, the Elephant Tablet is translated. The language used to aid with the translation is Anglo-Saxon. A study of the stele when read in Boustrophedon style (back and forth) provides these words: bad, death, beat, cave or pole, dwell, lame, bucket, An, dish, change, origin, peck, cave or pole, eye, Baal, and area.

So perhaps they suggest…

The back of the mammoths was broken –

It was a bad death. It beat at the pole. There is a bucket where An dwelt. It is a dish where it changed (?) the origin (?). It pecked at the pole at the eye. Baal was there.

The letters can be converted to numbers as shown in the next image and the sums as shown can be found:

This number study reveals the all important 565. The numbers that comprise the word Yahweh by way of gematria are 565 10.

The number 79 was found and one can also easily find 792 or 7920 by using the 20 and 2 in the line above. The diameter of Earth is 7920 miles.

The 864 refers to the number of seconds in a day and to the seconds of longitude of the Earth or 86,400.

The 51 created by the letters AN then remains. There is this interesting fact. Cuenca sits nearly on the equator. By traveling 79 degrees longitude to the east and 51.51 degrees north of it one finds London and Greenwich, England the prime meridian. ??!!! ??

There is at least one other 56.5 that can be found. Because the letter noted as ‘sa’ or ‘a bucket’ is a pictogram the stele is composed of eleven letters and three pictures or 113 which is 2 x 56.5.

The most important idea here is that these numbers have been imbedded in ancient documents for millennia which lends credence to the Ohio Hebrew being valid and thence, the Newark Stones.

Continues in the next post with a comparison to other elephant stones ……………

____________________

See full article on the alphabet by J. Huston McCulloch at:

http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/jhm/arch/decalog.html

Paleo-Hebrew at oocities.org

______

Back to Newberry Tablet beginning or its  conclusion.

Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: Crespi’s Warrior

Carved Plate from Crespi Collection

Carved Plate from Crespi Collection

© 2016 B. L. Freeborn (updated Dec. 2018)

In this piece from the Crespi Collection find the words in italic:

The hoary ancient head of Earth was left low

as the two holes pressed through.

The sword struck near the foot of the tile foundation.

It walked and made a two footed foundation,

one magnetic and the other true.

The dagger of Baal with its two craters lies at the rightful pole.

It is the angle that parts longitude.

The pole wavered and split,

the collar dropped to the eye.

The new youthful Earth was thus clothed.

_________

Compare this art to the Narmer Palette from Egypt, c. 3100 BC as displayed at the Royal Ontario Museum:

Narmer Palette, Egypt, c. 3100 BC - Royal Ontario Museum

Narmer Palette, Egypt, c. 3100 BC – Royal Ontario Museum

__________________

Read about Father Crespi and see more art:

“The Crespi Ancient Artifact Collection of Cuenca Ecuador”

Back to Beginning of posts on Newberry Tablet

Back to Beginning of posts on Adena Art

The next riddle is here!

The Newberry Tablet Reveals….

© 2015 B. L. Freeborn, Sept. 2022

Smithsonian Photo of Newberry Tablet, compliments of Roger Jewell

Smithsonian Photo of Newberry Tablet, compliments of Roger Jewell

To the first post on the tablet – To the previous post on the tablet.

In the last posts we looked at the overall layout of the Newberry Tablet and many symbols. The list has grown and the reading is completed here.

The symbol identification thus far has suggested the topic of the tablet is a double comet collision and its crater was to be a point of reference for future measurements. The remaining symbols should support this story.

The last of the study comprises 15 symbols. The remaining symbols are left for the reader to identify. There is one symbol that resembles the ‘Q’ of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet. It is suggested it represents cue or to line up, or quay, the place where ships line up. Since cows walk in a line and the Old English word for cow, spelled cu, is very similar; the symbol perhaps means to line up and/or skin, an important by product of cows.

The symbol similar to a rectangle is found in the Luwian symbol list #89 and has sound value ‘tu.’ This is very similar to the word tow and is so noted.

The symbol that is a square divided in half is always followed by the symbol that looks like a ‘Y’. Both symbols are extremely similar to the ‘ch’ and ‘vav’ of the Paleo-Hebrew Alphabet. Substituting the sounds ‘ch’ and ‘w’ into the table find the word ‘chew’ repeated four times. This word is also an original Old English word.

The circle with a hook on top is found in the Luwian Glyph list at #435 with sound ‘a’ and is noted in the table as crater/hook.

The symbol that looks like a large curling ‘e’ most likely means ‘turn’ since the Adena Tablets and the New Hampshire Mystery Stone included this idea. It is so noted in the image.

The symbol that is the cup with a dot in the middle and a small stroke at the top is translated by understanding that in Luwian Hieroglyphs the small stroke added to another symbol is an ‘r’. This gives us an eye-r-cup or perhaps ‘ire cup’ and is so noted in the table.

Newberry symbols replaced with proposed meanings. See images below and text for more information.

It took some time to identify the symbol first row, fourth from the right and the symbol in the sixth row second from the right as being related to each other. The latter is found in the Luwian glyph list at #506. It is also found in Assyrian art and Olmec art described in a previous post as the odd little purse. The glyph list notes it as having sound ‘hana.’ In Old English this word means boundary stone. The symbol in the first row combines it with a ‘cup’ so that the distorted ‘B’ shape is created. They are noted in the chart as boundary and cup/boundary.

The symbol in the second row third from the left is similar to a reversed ‘e’ with an extra mark below it. In fact it appears to be an ear. In Old English the word ‘ear’ besides meaning ear means wave or flood. The association no doubt arises because of the whirlpool design of the ear. It is noted as ‘flood’ in the table.

Since many of the symbols are similar to Paleo-Hebrew perhaps the cup that is upside down and upon an upstroke is the letter ‘ts’. The words ‘toss’ or ‘tease’ is essentially defined by this sound. The similar symbol that combines the former symbol with a short stroke is then ‘ts’ and ‘r’ and is actually closer to the Paleo-Hebrew ‘ts’. This then sounds out the word ts-r or tesserae and is so noted in the table. This word means a small square tile.

The hook or staff studied in previous posts can now be associated with Paleo-Hebrew ‘P’ which begins such words as pea, power, pole, and point. The ‘P’ has been added to the table.

The symbol in the first row fifth from the left that appears to be a triangular ‘e’ with a large side stroke reminds one of the Paleo-Hebrew ‘B’ with the Luwian ‘r’ added. This gives the word b-r which suggests the word bear as in direction and it is noted in the table as bearing.

The Newberry Tablet's translation.

The Newberry Tablet’s translation.

The triangle with the stem suggests the Paleo-Hebrew ‘R’. It might have a side stroke as seen in the ‘bearing’ symbol. It is noted in the chart as ‘ray.’

The last symbol identified here is the circle with the two side strokes like antennae and the dot in the middle. The Paleo-Hebrew letter Ayin or ‘A’ is a circle. The dot supplies eye or sound ‘i’ and the two strokes give two r’s. So then we have r for ray, an eye, and a-r. The latter suggests the Old English word ‘or’ which means origin. It is noted in the table as ray-eye-origin.

So then, the table provides short readable sentences. The first line perhaps reads: The battle at the cup where lays the noble bearing is the to/from boundary. The cup is the dead pole and the eye.

Continue to line two and read: Many here caused the flood. It was the powerful ruler that was chewed. It is Baal’s line at the angry wandering cup …(unknown term).

In other words they say: There was a comet impact. It is the crater at magnetic north. Here is the reference boundary for longitude. The crater is the former north pole and the eye of the comet.

Many comets here caused a flood. It was the north pole that was destroyed. It is the longitude of the double comet’s (Baal’s) crater that….

The remainder of the table can be studied at one’s leisure.

Enjoy your New Year! Happy Holidays!

On to more riddles!!

The Message of the Newbery Tablet – Part 4

© 2015 B. L. Freeborn, updated Sept. 2022

Smithsonian Photo of Newberry Tablet, compliments of Roger Jewell

Smithsonian Photo of Newberry Tablet, compliments of Roger Jewell

To the first post on the tablet – To the previous post on the tablet.

In the last posts we looked at the overall layout of the Newberry Tablet and many symbols. The list has grown and we push to completion of this project by looking at twelve symbols in this post.

The symbol identification thus far has suggested the topic of the tablet is a double comet collision and its crater as a point of reference for measurements. Hopefully the remaining symbols support and complete the story. Note the parallel line symbol in the first row and the cross hatching symbol that ends the fifth. Note the circle with two lines through it that ends the seventh. These suggest that the double comet arcs of Hudson Bay are to represent a reference point for longitude and latitude. Signs associated with this concept are studied here as well as another two groups of signs.

The second and third groups require an understanding of the symbols as pictographs that would have meaning even today. The first symbol in the third row down uses an upstroke to elevate a cup symbol. Next to it is a symbol that can be described as a P on a line. Perhaps the upstroke means above or heavenly, and the horizontal line simply represents – on the surface of the Earth. With these ideas the study continues.

We begin with the parallel lines in the first line and suggest it means to/from which is found in the glyph list at #221 except they used curved lines. Keep in mind that the two parallel lines may simply mean two or equal distance. They may also suggest lines of measure.

The circle with the set of parallel lines continues the idea and perhaps means specifically either longitude and latitude or both and/or the measurement of such.

Similar to this is the two lines with the horizontal mark found in the center of the fourth line from the bottom which suggests either two or perhaps measure and is so noted below.

The cross hatching symbol suggests a grid or the longitude/latitude net of the Earth.

Although not identical the symbol compared to the Luwian glyph meaning ‘above’ is similar to the symbol found at 3,1. Compare it to the symbols for ‘ma’ #110 and ‘thousand’ #400 and the second symbol from the table found at 2,1. (See diagram below.) The word ‘ma’ in Old English means ‘more.’

Interestingly, Luwian glyph #91 is said to mean rotate/scale/foot. It is compared to the glyph found in the third row, third position and is shown below. It appears to be two shoes and a hook suggesting rotation. Note they are located at grid positions 3,3; 8,4; 10,6 and most notably 7,9. The 33 and 79 stand out immediately as the 33 degree latitude change of the pole and the diameter of the Earth at 7920 miles. The location of Hudson Bay is just west of the 79 degrees. But the other two numbers even in reverse are not of much importance. However! If one counts their position from the opposing corner (bottom right) then the two positions 7,7 and 5,6 are counted out. The latitude of Hudson Bay is 56 and the return period of Halley’s Comet is 76 to 77 years. This then correlates well with the proposed topic of the tablet and to the idea of scale, rotation and foot as found in the Luwian glyph #91.

The staff is found in glyph #378. The associated symbol was used three times on the tablet and suggests a staff stuck in the ground. The symbol is found at 3,2; 11,3; and 12,6. The symbol next to the bottom P appears to be a slanted version so it may also be the same symbol but is not so noted here.

Glyph #199 is said to mean ‘thunder’ and is very close to the symbol found at 4,3.

Glyph #41 means ‘take’ and is close to the symbol in the table at 14,2 and mirrored at 14,8.

Glyph #209  with sound ‘i’ appears to be the same as shown in the table and is taken to mean pole or eye. It is found notably at position 4,4. The circumference of the planet divided by 44 is 565 miles.

The reader should examine this ‘i’ symbol closely and note there is a small horizontal stroke on the left upstroke. This may not be accidental. In the Luwian glyph system of writing this small stroke represents the sound ‘r’ and if the two sounds are combined we arrive at the word ‘ire’ which means today what it did in Old English except previously it additionally meant to wander. So this adds that now the ‘eye’ has ‘wandered angrily.’

Lastly, the symbol that looks like a backwards F is taken to be a sword or knife that stabs the ground and the idea repeats in the glyphs as seen in #278.

For your reference the Luwian Glyph list can be found linked here:

Click to access Signlist.pdf

The associated words have been filled in and the tablet’s ideas are unfolding  in this very complicated riddle and blending of ideas with Earth related numbers.

The next post compares this script to cave art found in Europe.  The last of the symbols that can be identified in the Newberry Tablet are found when the decipherment continues.

Newberry Tablet decipherment continues here.

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