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Another Riddle in Stone from Canada

B.L. Freeborn © March 2023                            (Full article as PDF)

Another riddle presents itself. The origin and meaning of the inscription on the Feather Stone of Eastern Canada like many others is debated.

Upper carving on stone.

Upper carving.

The first of these carvings is a rebus. The second (see below) is a pictogram. Once you see it, there is no going back! The upper carving reads:

Father Henricus left (us) in 1124.
OM to leave for north cup tie in 1154.
Baal hit north (at) cup.

Similarly, the lower carving reads:

Henricus 1116-1117
(at) site Bael’s cup, (the) pole tie 1123-1124.
Daggers hit pole (and it) turned.
Baal hit (the) peg (at the) arc (and) hole.
(Carved) 1224.

The upper carving appears Christian. The observer is supposed to think it is, to protect it. [To continue this protection, because of vandalism, its location is not stated. It is off limits to the public now.] This seems to have worked since it still exists. The message is the same in both. These are pagan / Baalist statements similar to others found in the Spirit Pond stones, the Kensington Rune Stone and the Vinland Map. The date given on the map stone and others from Spirit Pond for Henricus’ departure is 1124.(Monge) Those stones date from around 1214-16 (Freeborn) and were written to commemorate Henricus who is clearly described in the long legend of the Vinland Map as having been the Bishop of Greenland around 1117. The next bishop was named in 1124. These must have been carved after 1124 but before Henricus faded from hero status in Vinland which provides a date span.

Interpretation of Upper Carving

The artist was clever. He spells out Henricus. The ‘feather’ provides the letter I which is a straight line in both Latin and Futhark alphabets. The ‘two leaves’ create a T. Now the word TI can be formed or ‘tie.’ They are also arranged in such a manner as to create an H, which is the same in both Latin and Elder Futhark. This creates HIT or ‘hit.’ This is also the H of Henricus. The I was just found. There is a notable similarity between ‘father’ and ‘feather.’ See it as ‘father + E.’ (Spellings varied at the time.) Now we have an E for Henricus.

The crescent provides a U and C depending on your view. It is also an arc which also provides an ‘a’,‘r’ and ‘c.’ So if you do not like the idea of getting an ‘e’ from feather then the ‘a’ and ‘e’ can switch, however the reader might want to see it. Then again, in the Younger Futhark, ‘I’ is also an ‘e’ so once again the E of Henricus is found.

The R is there as well. The arc/crescent provides the upper curve of R. The feather is the upright and the end of the leaf is the downstroke of R. We now have HE_RICU_. What of the S and N? There are ‘2 leaves’ or ‘to leave + S.” The S is found.

Now, where to find the N? That circle and cross is supposed to emphasize this is Christian. That is important in an era when Christians are committing genocide of pagans and Baalists. Look at it again and you will see it is a compass. The cross is a Futhark N in an O. (See tables at end.) This same idea is found on the Kensington Rune Stone. The 4 dots further indicate the cardinal directions. The compass implies North. The O and N spells ‘on.’ The N of Henricus is found. Additionally, the O represents Baal and where it hit is provided by the idea of North in the compass.

Now we have the phrase ‘to leave on’ which suggests a date must be here. Knowing it in advance is perhaps cheating. There is 1 arc, 1 feather, 2 leaves and 4 dots ⇒ 1124. This can additionally be confirmed by the Elder Futhark letter/number equivalents. The letter values for H and U are 9 and 2 which sums to 11. The value for O is 24 so that 1124 is found again. The Golden Number (GN) used in the Perpetual Easter Table (see table) is 4 for that year. The Day Letter (DL) value for that year is 5. Around the O are 4 dots. Furthermore, there is a 5th dot pecked directly above which is the DL. The Elder Futhark E is shaped like an M. The two leaves and feather can be seen as an M or as stated, a Futhark E with value 19. This is the line number for years 1116 to 1124. The year then is confirmed.

Elder Futhark Alphabet sound and numerical value.

Now that it has been decided what this carving says, an additional bit reveals the artist himself. As stated, the compass provides an O. If the leaves and feather form an M, then perhaps these are initials OM. The date could be 1154 for similar reasons as stated above. The artist names himself and states when he carved this. This is the work of OM and he traveled here in 1154. This OM left other beautiful art work that shall be discussed in another article. So, we add the artist to this interpretation.

It reads quite easily now:

Father Henricus left us in 1124.
OM to leave for north cup tie in 1154.
Baal hit north (at) cup.

Interpretation of Lower Carving

The second inscription is more weathered probably due to its lower position on the stone in a climate with a lot of snow. Typically the bottom two portions are read as 06 07 which are Arabic numerals. These were in use within mathematical circles in Europe before the 1100’s. If the intention was to emphasize these, then they suggest a date of inscription of 1206-1207 for reasons as stated above. However, they are not just an 06 and 07. The images here show this is what we want to see because that is what we expect and what is actually there seems …well…odd.

Lower carving on stone.

The 06 begins with an O as in the name O-den. It represents a hole. Then the arc as seen in the upper carving is represented here and connects the O to a peg. The ‘6’ is Baal, a round object with a tail, that strikes the peg or pole. In plain language, ‘a comet strikes the north pole.’ This is a pictogram of an event that is an essential part of the pagan / Baalist religion. It is similar in nature to statements found on the Kensington Rune Stone, Spirit Pond stones and even the Vinland map etc.

The 07 provides an O on a peg as well. The slightly curved 7 is very useful. It suggests a pole, an arc, small ‘r’ and the upright stroke of an L. The small wedge at its base completes the L and also creates a V shape. The ‘r’ is turned. The pictogram tells us the ‘dagger struck the pole on top of the world and it turned.’

The cursive looking H is most certainly the first letter of Henricus. The cup and U are found within the H at the top. C is in the left vertical. A cursive/lower ‘e’ is at the top left. The lower M shape of the H might also be seen as an Elder Futhark E. The right upright provides P. The double loop at the top is both a Latin and Futhark B. The left intersection is a Futhark N and the right is an A. We now have: HENR_CU_ , BAEL and also POLE. The I and S of Henricus are obvious in the letter to the right that creates a T as well. Now the words are complete with Henricus, Bael, tie, hit, sit/site and pole.

A date is given and it appears to be 1224. The carving is on 2 lines with 4 groups which suggests 24. Furthermore, each year in the 532 year cycle of the Perpetual Easter Table has a unique set of three numbers. This year is found on the 4th line with GN 9 and day letters 6 and 7 (a leap year). The latter two numbers are obvious in the carving. There are four symbol groups in the carving and there are four O’s which suggest the line number. The Elder Futhark value for H is 9.

A similar date can be found by counting parts. The ‘H’ is 1. The ‘T’ is in 2 parts. The ‘06’ has 2 parts and the ‘07’ has 3 parts… 1223. The total number of parts is 8. The three numbers for 1223 are Line#3, GN 8 and DL 1. These are all present if the ‘I’ is considered a 1. The Bourne Stone suggests that Henricus went and came back from this journey. The two dates suggest he left in 1123 and returned (to Greenland?) in 1124 and that this was written one hundred years later to commemorate these dates.

For those who are interested – for year 1123: the Line # is 19, the GN is 3 and the DL is 7. If that useful H is seen as an Elder Futhark ‘E’ then 19 is found. Similarly, for year 1124: the Line # is 19, GN is 4 and DL is 5 and 6 (a leap year). The 19, 4 and 6 have all been found.

Two other dates are apparent. The year of Henricus’ arrival in Vinland is considered to be 1116-1117 per the Spirit Pond Stones, Vinland Map and the Newport Tower inscription. That same I of the T, on the right side, has value 11 in Elder Futhark, an S has value 16 and the T has value 17 so ….1116 – 1117.

The interpretation reads:

Henricus 1116-1117
(at) site Bael’s cup, (the) pole tie.
1123-1124.
Daggers hit pole (and it) turned.
Baal hit (the) peg (at the) arc (and) hole.
(Carved) 1224

The reader might want to explore the references below to confirm these translations are supported elsewhere. It would appear the extent of Norse / northern peoples exploration and occupation in North America is vastly misunderstood and underestimated. Overall, they are both clever reminders that Henricus once led Vinland and he was important to people of northeast North America.

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Similar Articles by the Same Author in PDF and Post:

*Easter Tables

** For numeric background see:

**Freeborn, B.L., Validating North American Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022. PDF only.

Freeborn, B.L., Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: The Secret Chamber, noahsage.com, January 2016. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Another Riddle in Stone from Canada, noahsage.com, August 2025. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Deciphering the Spirit Pond, Nomans Land and Narragansett Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022. Amulet post. Map stone post.  PDF only.

Freeborn, B.L., Et in Arcadia Ego – OUOSVAVV DM – Deciphered, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Kensington Rune Stone: A New Translation, noahsage.com, February 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Rök runestone of Sweden, noahsage.com, April 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Runic Riddles: Time Capsules, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L. The Long Debated Bourne Stone, noahsage.com, January 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Nomans Land – Leif Eriksson Inscription, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Narragansett Inscription: A Translation with its Date of Dedication, Author and Inscriber, noahsage.com, October 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Newport Tower: Finding the Date of Dedication, its Designer and Builder, noahsage.com, October 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Wawa Stone and Its Viking Ship, noahsage.com, August 2025. Post here.

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The Wawa Stone and its Viking Ship

B.L. Freeborn © August 2025, Updated September 2025                     (Full article PDF here.)

The Wawa Runestone is an excellent topic for study. It is located in Wawa, Ontario above Lake Superior. More information and photos are available at OCARE, Ontario Centre for Archaelogical Research & Education.

Image from OCARE.

The runestone is composed of two parts. There is an extensive inscription in runes on the left and higher up on the rock to the right is a ship in a Viking style. Dr. Henrik Williams was first to study the inscription and will be publishing a paper on the topic. In the meantime, a video is available where he discusses the stone with David Pompeani. (YouTube link here.) In that discussion, he states that often a runic inscription has no relation to the art presented and that the two parts may have been done by different people. That seems to be true here. Indeed, the reader can see easily that the long inscription was done with a sharper, finer tool while the ship was done with a more blunt tool and a much stronger arm. Dr. Williams has identified the inscription as a protestant version of the Lord’s Prayer in modern Swedish. The inscriber did not date the inscription which leaves room for some discussion. It is believed to be of 17th to 19th century origin.

Image from OCARE – Long inscription on left side of Wawa Stone.

As far as the right side with the Viking ship, Dr. Williams could not comment on it, nor did he know the meaning of the X’s. Many would presume these X’s are burial crosses but that implies Christianity, and the Vikings were not necessarily Christian despite their supposed conversion. People converted at knife point are seldom true believers. What then did the artist intend to convey with the crosses? There are no runes present to give any further clues.

Image from OCARE – Ship on right.

Let this not deter us from further study. Notice the artist has presented us with two groups of crosses separated by the ship which implies the number of X’s has some significance. There are five on the left and ten on the right. The number of people shown in the ship appears to be seventeen but others count sixteen. This gives 17, 10 and 5 which is hardly enlightening. However, on closer inspection one notices that the 5 X’s are so arranged to provide two groups of 3 and 2. This grouping then provides 5,3,2. (See image below.)

Closer inspection of the group of ten on the right provides 5 X’s in the first horizontal line, 3 in the next and 2 in the last so that 5,3,2 repeats. This is significant. The Perpetual Easter Calendar/Table was used in the Catholic Church from early times and was still in use long after the Viking era ended. Since calendars were not available, a device was invented similar to a slide rule that allowed the user to determine on what day of the week the first Sunday would fall for each year (known as the Dominical or Day Letter). It repeats every 532 years. (See PDF – Easter Table.) The artist may not have known his letters/runes but he knew his numbers. By providing the 532 in each group of X’s the artist makes it clear there is a date here.

Men and X’s highlighted in white.

To obtain a date from the Table one needs a Line Number #, Golden Number (numbers within the table) and the Dominical Letter/Day Letter (DL) which runs along the top. A proper dating should repeat the date in someway in a more straight forward manner. Presumably, this is the purpose of the X’s.

If one uses the numbers 5, 10 and 17 as provided by the groupings there is no match within the table. However, if the X’s were to announce a date is present, then the 17 men must imply the date in some way. Perhaps it is 1017,1117,1217, etc. But which century?

Year 1217 is on Line #3 with Golden Number (GN) 2 and Dominical Letter (DL) #1. These numbers are provided easily by the three groups of numbers, two of which are X’s and one of which is men. This makes this date a strong possibility. Indeed, this date was found on one of the Spirit Pond Stones which also mentioned Henricus, who was the Bishop mentioned in the Vinland Map. He traveled to Vinland circa 1116 and died presumably in 1123, based on church records for his replacement.

The number 23 is easily found in more than one way by the positioning of the X’s. The year 1123 has Table numbers: Line #19, GN 3 and DL # 7. The value 19 is not represented but the right hand grouping of X’s can be easily separated into 3 and 7.

Other dates were studied with mixed results. One might say that the artist did not mean for us to use the calendar to derive the date. But the artist certainly used the number 532 to alert us to the presence of dates.

Both 1117 and 1123 are strongly supported by the art. Indeed, they are both supported by the Spirit Pond Stones (link to study), the Feather Stone of northeast Canada (link here) and 1117 is supported by a runestone found in the Newport Tower (link to study). Both of these dates refer to the arrival and departure of Bishop Henricus in Vinland as mentioned in the Vinland Map (to be discussed in a future article).  According to both the Spirit Pond Long Inscription Stone and the Vinland Map, he explored up the St. Lawrence and down into Hudson Bay. The proximity of Wawa to Hudson Bay should be noted. The 1117 and 1123 would then be commemorative dates. They mark the beginning of exploration of northern North America by the Vikings. Continued exploration should have followed which explains who may have carved this ship and suggests when.

The unknown artist commemorates
Henricus and his Viking sailors’ exploration
in 1117-1123.

Sadly, virtually everything found in North America that might indicate any European explorer from the dawn of time tread here before Columbus has been declared a fake, destroyed or intentionally forgotten. One such notable work that discusses this topic is The Rediscovery of Lost America by Arlington Mallery and Mary Roberts Harrison, 1979. This work has also been denigrated but if one takes the time to read his references, then his work speaks volumes.

What then happened to the Vikings / Norse / Normans who came to America? Why has history forgotten them? There is a simple answer. If these people were anti-Catholic, then it would have been essential to keep the continent and their colonies a secret. If they lived very simple lives in longhouses and communities, then they left little behind. If they remained in contact, on the sly, with northern Europe, then the Black Death came with the sailors and wiped them out in the late 1300’s as well as any memory of them that existed in Northern Europe.

PREVIOUS POST   –   NEXT POST ON THE FEATHER STONE

Similar Articles by the Same Author in PDF and Post:

*Easter Tables

** For numeric background see:

**Freeborn, B.L., Validating North American Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022. PDF only.

Freeborn, B.L., Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: The Secret Chamber, noahsage.com, January 2016. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Another Riddle in Stone from Canada, noahsage.com, August 2025. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Deciphering the Spirit Pond, Nomans Land and Narragansett Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022. Amulet post. Map stone post.  PDF only.

Freeborn, B.L., Et in Arcadia Ego – OUOSVAVV DM – Deciphered, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Kensington Rune Stone: A New Translation, noahsage.com, February 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Rök runestone of Sweden, noahsage.com, April 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Runic Riddles: Time Capsules, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L. The Long Debated Bourne Stone, noahsage.com, January 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Nomans Land – Leif Eriksson Inscription, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Narragansett Inscription: A Translation with its Date of Dedication, Author and Inscriber, noahsage.com, October 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Newport Tower: Finding the Date of Dedication, its Designer and Builder, noahsage.com, October 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Wawa Stone and Its Viking Ship, noahsage.com, August 2025. Post here.

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Göbekli Tepe’s Odd Little Purses – A New Interpretation

B.L. Freeborn © December, 2024

A different interpretation of Göbekli Tepe’s Pillar art is attempted here. We begin with the most notable and that is Pillar 43.

PILLAR 43

Image from: Tepe Telegrams https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/2016/10/14/of-animals-and-a-headless-man-gobekli-tepe-pillar-43/  (Photo: DAI, Göbekli Tepe Archive, Lee Clare)

The top of the pillar has some degradation so that the information there is lost. The up down arrows have been described by other authors as a hedge fence. Saying it is a boundary suggests a similar idea.

Notice the large arrow between the second and third arch. Notice that there are arrows along the left top but they stop just to the right of the large arrow.

Notice the three circled animals. The first appears to be a bird that has landed, the second appears to be a burrowing animal, and the last appears to be a frog.

So that one might read this as:

Arrow strikes the boundary like a bird and comes to rest. It burrows in and ‘it’ leaps leaving an empty space.

Next appears three arched structures that have been described as houses. It is suggested here that they are symbols of ‘weights’ used as counterweights on a beam balance. See the image below of just such a weight in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.

A stone carved weight from Assyria located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC.

The shifted shape of the three weights suggest ‘sliding.’ If the weights represent the center of measurement or balance, then the ‘sliding’ suggests that the center of balance of the Earth ‘slid.’ If the center of balance of the Earth is the axis or North/South pole, then the image suggests there was a pole shift.

The three weights in a row form three arches. Furthermore, the arrow strikes between the second and third. One might then say this forms the number 32 which means little to us, but one might note that 5.65 x 5.65 equals 32. This number 5.65 reminds one of the numerical values associated with the name of God ‘Yahweh’ in Hebrew. It is spelled with four letters and when converted to numbers it is 5,6,5,10 or perhaps 565/10 or …. 56.5.

It just so happens that the bottom of Hudson Bay which has a three arch shapes towards the east is at about 56.5̊ North latitude. Could these three arches be a reference to Hudson Bay?

Below the three weights is another hedge fence composed of up and down arrows. There are 8 pointing down and 7 pointing up. Notice that 8 x 7 = 56. This sounds familiar.

Just below the hedge is a series of squares. There are 5 slightly smaller followed by 6 for the sum total of 11. The six are emphasized by the last three arrows above. The 5 and 6 of course recall 56 again. Look at this one more time and note the 11 boxes and 3 arrows can imply 113 which is 56.5 x 2.

Take this one step further. If the multiplication is followed then 7 x 11 is 77 and 77 is the return period of Halley’s comet. (The builders need not have personally known how to calculate this value. The knowledge could have been passed to them in the same manner as we learn it today.)

Similarly, there are only 11 arrows above the squares. To the left are 4 arrows without squares under them. Multiply and find… 11 x 4 = 44. Then 44 x 56.5 = 2486 which suggests the circumference of Earth at 24868 miles.

Below the squares is a repeat of 3 large arrows down and 2 large up which creates 56 in more than one way. 3 + 2 = 5. 3 x 2 = 6 ⇒ ⇒ 56. And as a series 3,2 forms 32 which is the square of 5.65 as seen previously.

Below this is a bar and below that a circle. The bar perhaps represents the pole or axis of Earth turned sideways. The circle suggests both a round ball or projectile. It might also represent a crater. The old word for this is pock as in ‘pock mark’.

Altogether then, there are 15 arrows in the first hedge, 11 squares, 5 arrows in the second hedge for a sum of 31 objects. By adding the bar we have 32 again ⇒ 5.65². Then add the ball and we have 33. If one travels 33̊ south of the north pole at 90̊, one will arrive at 57̊. This is 56.5 rounded up.

Notice the significance of 33 and 3 in our ‘modern’ day religions. Jesus died on a cross with two thieves. There were 3 altogether on the crosses and 2 were thieves ⇒ 32 ⇒ 5.65².

Jesus died when he was 33. He rose again on the 3rd day.

The Biblical flood lasted for 40 days and 40 nights. A square of sides 40 units has a diagonal 56.5 units long.

It would seem, these numbers were significant enough to be carried forward for millennia and encrypted in stories of importance.

As a complete small image, the arrows and squares appear to form a sort of triangle tail projecting upwards from the ball as if to emphasize – this is a comet.

The remaining images on the top square are looked at next. Note that there are 3 birds, 2 without wings open ⇒ 32. The large winged bird is seated as if it landed. The ball is near it’s beak. Does this imply it pecked a hole?

The other two smaller birds are seated to the right. Next to the upper bird is a phallic symbol suggesting penetration. At its top is a bird head shape pointing towards an I shape in the horizontal. Above it is another I shape but it is vertical. Perhaps this suggests that as it penetrated it turned the I from vertical to horizontal.

 

The lower part is a rectangular shape. It tells a similar story. Beginning at the bottom. A bird pecks a hole. It burrows in (boar animal) after it penetrates and it turns. It walks south (the crab) with four legs in a mountain shape pattern. There are 4 legs each side or 44. It has two claws which suggest two comets striking the head. They also imply 2 + 2 or 4. Counting both the legs and claws we have 444 again. The tail is composed of 5 round shapes plus a bend so that we might say 5 then 6 or 56. As before 444 x 56 = 24864 suggesting the circumference of Earth at 24860 miles. The same story is summarized at the bottom by a shape that represents a decapitated Earth. The phallus and ball suggests the pole was turned to the side by the ball.

In reality, the North Pole is the place from which we take longitude/latitude measurements. The Magnetic Pole is where we take magnetic headings from. Until this century, the magnetic pole was lower down in Canada and has moved about in a northward fashion until it now circles the true north pole. The text suggests that it was shifted south to 56̊ by the impact of a comet.

Now one must ask if there are any other images at Göbekli Tepe that indicate a comet hit? Yes, there is. Pillar 33 provides a beautiful picture.

PILLAR 33

Image from: Tepe Telegrams at  https://www.dainst.blog/the-tepe-telegrams/2016/08/16/emblematic-signs-on-the-iconography-of-animals-at-gobekli-tepe/

The side face shows 3 snakes (or are these comets?) striking the horizontal I shape seen before. Below it is the crab but now his legs form 3 valleys instead of mountains. Below it the snakes repeat again. One side of the image is framed with 12 snake heads. The other side is framed by I’s that are difficult to count, perhaps 13 to 15. The bodies of the lower 3 snakes join with 2 heads on the side. This gives 32 again or 5.65².

 

Image from: https://ankh-fdn.medium.com/g%C3%B6bleki-tepe-decoded-pillar-33-and-the-advent-of-summer-a91fd87ebd69

Viewing the pillar so that adjoining sides can be seen gives more information. On the left, 2 birds are found. One is pecking at the vertical I. Below this there are the bodies of 9 snakes. They terminate at the bird’s 2 long legs. Or perhaps these snake bodies are the bird’s wings? The rest of the art is not readable from the images. However, these few things speak volumes. The 9 and 2 are essential to the telling of this story. One must know to subtract 9 – 2 to obtain 7. This then provides 79.2 which is the longitude of the island at the bottom of Hudson Bay. The island is known today as Belcher Island and this sounds remarkably like ‘Baal-chair’ or ‘Bel-chair.’ We might guess that this was once the location of magnetic north. It also suggests this is somehow related to the religion of Baal or Bel.

Certainly, these people did not traverse there themselves. It is also highly unlikely they measured these locations themselves. One might also exclaim that 79.2̊ longitude is measured off the Greenwich meridian and that zero point is from ‘current’ not ancient times. But is it?

Recall it was stated that the Biblical flood lasted for 40 days and 40 nights. A square of sides 40 units has a diagonal 56.5 units long. Furthermore, a square of sides 56 units has a diagonal of 79.2.

Of course it should be noted that Noah lived to the grand age of 950 years. The inclination is to see how many months this is, since that age is improbable. Then 950 / 12 = …….. 79.2. Yes!

Even more interesting is the diameter of Earth is 7920 miles.

It is almost as if someone traveled there, fixed the longitude of Belchair Island at 79.2 degrees West and traveled back eastward until they reached 0̊. This implies the zero point was not chosen first but it was a result of choosing that island and fixing that number to it (79.2) because of its relationship to the diameter of the Earth. This suggests that the Greenwich meridian is of very ancient origin. **See below.

It should also be pointed out that the name of the lower round circular arc in Hudson Bay is Nastapoka Arc and this is astoundingly Anglo-Saxon sounding. ‘Nes’ means to survive. ‘Tap’ means tap or impact. ‘Pok’ means pock or in this case round scar such as a crater. So then, the word is ‘surviving tap crater.’ Could it be that the ancient people explored the region after the apocalypse (a-poc-calypse) and discovered the reason for the flood? Would that have been a triple comet strike into the TWO MILE THICK ice sheet that instantly melted creating a worldwide flood?

It is easy then to suggest these pillars are telling the story of the apocalypse. It suggests it was a comet impact and a magnetic pole shift. Other cultures use different images to tell the same story. This moves the date of the flood back to about 10,000 years ago which coincides with global temperature changes. We call it the end of the ice age.

In conclusion, we might conjecture that the religion of the builder’s of Göbekli Tepe is one of long duration. We call it today the religion of Baal but know little of it. Yet, in modern day religions, there are still bits and pieces of it as shown above.

Other posts on Odd Little Purses:

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For further information on numbers see:

**Freeborn, B.L., Validating North American Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022.

Similar Articles by the Same Author in PDF and Post:

*Easter Tables

Freeborn, B.L., Ancient Riddles to Test Our Wits: The Secret Chamber, noahsage.com, January 2016. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Another Riddle in Stone from Canada, noahsage.com, August 2025. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Deciphering the Spirit Pond, Nomans Land and Narragansett Runic Inscriptions, noahsage.com, November 2022. Amulet post. Map stone post.  PDF only.

Freeborn, B.L., Et in Arcadia Ego – OUOSVAVV DM – Deciphered, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Kensington Rune Stone: A New Translation, noahsage.com, February 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Rök runestone of Sweden, noahsage.com, April 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., Runic Riddles: Time Capsules, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L. The Long Debated Bourne Stone, noahsage.com, January 2023. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Nomans Land – Leif Eriksson Inscription, noahsage.com, December 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Narragansett Inscription: A Translation with its Date of Dedication, Author and Inscriber, noahsage.com, October 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Newport Tower: Finding the Date of Dedication, its Designer and Builder, noahsage.com, October 2022. Post here.

Freeborn, B.L., The Wawa Stone and Its Viking Ship, noahsage.com, August 2025. Post here.

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Hidden Messages from the Ancients

© 2019 B. L. Freeborn

Here is a short riddle…

 

את הארוט
סעו נאטטירו פניסו אנו וו את
טסאלפמיס סאדוך ראוא דאטארך רו
פניראדיסנוך,
ווה פנול טי כווט וט כארב טי
,אנו וו את טסום טלוכיוויד.

??????

Use this key:

Key to the Hebrew Letters and the Latin Letter that will serve to substitute for it in this study due to font issues.

Using the above key to the Hebrew letters find:

Torah The
the of one using written was
or created ever codes simplest
considering,
it break to took it long how
.difficult most the of one,

Then read them right to left:

The Torah
was written using one of the
simplest codes ever created or,
considering
how long it took to break it,
one of the most difficult.

Apply this same method to this verse from the Torah. (Word order already reversed.)

Deuteronomy Verse 25:14:

לך יהיה לא
בביתך
איפה
איפה
גדולה
וקטנה

Change into Latin letters:

ea-l  h-i-h-i  k-l

c-th-i-b-b

h-p-i-ea

h-p-i-ea

h-l-wf-d-g

h-n-t-q-wf

Into Old English using linked words (letters):

Eall! Hie! Hie! Cyll!
Cuthe-thy-yb-beeb
Haep-pie-ea
Haep-pie-ea
Hleow-wod-dag
Hnat-taque-quo

From Old English to modern:

All! Hy! Hy! It killed!
Clearly then around about it was stranded in tides
It happened as the powerful worms were at the source
It happened as the powerful worms were at the source
At the hollow mound it was senseless as the daggers
collided and changed the direction of its tack as it was leveled

Using the same method:

-Deuteronomy 28:1

גויי כל על

l-a   l-k   i-i-wf-g

Laeg loc eage-iew-wag

The lay and look at the eye was revealed and a wall

Using the same method:

-Deuteronomy 34:6

מול מואב בארץ

ts-r-ea-b   b-ea-wf-m   l-wf-m

Tos-seare-rab beuf-wom loma

It tossed, seared and raved above as it was bent where it looms

And these are some of the numerous other gems:

“Gaze on it all and how it was essentially horrible.”   -Numbers 6:4

“It quelled the living with stones that were abundant
It billowed forth thus as it ebbed at the gorges
in the lands with wasting heat.”    -Numbers 22: 38

“The battles on the living were woeful omens and flames that married.”    -Numbers 22: 41.

Last post —   Back to the first post on this topic

 

 

 

 

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The Mighty Religion of….? Baal?

Sketch of Wilmington Tablet

Sketch of Wilmington Tablet from J. Ralston Skinner’s 1885 article.

© 2018 B. L. Freeborn

In prior posts the idea that ancient art describes the events of a great comet impact and an associated crustal displacement was discussed. The search for further support from ancient records then turned to language and in particular to one possible and pervasive religion that spread ideas and thereby its language.

This religion has to have existed over a broad span of time and a vast distance encompassing many peoples and environments. There is no reason to expect that the name of this religion was one and the same for all places in all times, just as Christianity presents under such vastly different names as Catholic, Anglican, Protestant, Baptist, Episcopal, Methodist, Church of Christ, etc. One might expect that this religion will also appear under different names.

Baal, a Statute from Ugarit.14th to 12th BC. Louvre, Wikipedia,

Baal, a Statute from Ugarit.14th to 12th BC. Louvre, Wikipedia,

It is proposed here that the religion was that of Baal. Baalism has been touched upon many times in prior posts. It is very poorly understood today, if at all, and often attributed to only a small geographical region in the vicinity of Canaanite, particularly Ugarit.

However, place names suggest otherwise. Baalbek; Baltic Sea; Temple of Bel in Syria; Belluton, England; the Baltic States and region; Bel (Celtic god); Bel (Babylonian god); Bel, Iran; Bel, Romania; Baal described in the Old Testament; Baal, Netherlands; Baal, Belgium; Babylon of old, ……etc.

There are religious references such as Beltane in the British Isles, The Tower of Babel, and the Bible (when pronounced bi-baal). So, there is ample evidence that, whoever or whatever Baal was, belief in it was widely dispersed across time and place which makes it an ideal candidate.

Previous to Christianity there was Judaism. The Old Testament, which is a Judaic document, describes in I Kings 18 the killing of 450 priests of Baal, so Judaism did not develop in a vacuum. Baalism was evidently pervasive there and in other places. The art that has been reviewed throughout these posts was from a variety of cultures so it is impossible to affix one name to the religion. The religion shall be defined here as ‘Baalism’ simply because Baal seems to be a prevalent word.

Logically, the next goal will be a study of the Indo-European Language to see what can be learned. However! People have been doing that for 400 years. So, the path taken here will be an entirely different approach than has ever been tried before.

The next post ………….. will jump knee-deep into the unknown we know so very well!

Back to previous post

Back to start of article

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The One and Only Language of the Ancients

The thickest ice of the planet is not located at the poles as would be expected.

The thickest ice of the planet is not located at the poles as would be expected.

© 2018 B. L. Freeborn

In the last post the idea that ancient art describes the events of a great comet impact and an associated crustal displacement was discussed. It was also suggested that perhaps there is another way to retrieve any existing ancient records of such an event. This leads to a necessary assumption.

NASA image of crater

NASA image of crater

Assuming knowledge of the pole’s movement was known by key individuals, and if they adamantly believed this knowledge must be passed down through an infinite number of generations, then it should be found in the records of numerous cultures. The depiction of key elements in the art of vastly distant cultures, in both time and place, suggests this is true.

The Bible relates that originally one language existed. This has no doubt spurred on the countless researchers over the last 400+ years, since the existence of a base language was first suggested. The Indo-European Language (also known as indogermanisch) is the proposed base language from which a multitude of others evolved. Countless man hours of research has resulted in the mapping out of language development throughout Europe and western Asia. The oldest known is from 4200 BC in the Anatolian region. This is the same area from which Luwian Hieroglyphs originated that have often been referred to in these posts.

Side view of Great Circle in Newark, Ohio.

Side view of Great Circle in Newark, Ohio.

This four century study has also resulted in the mapping of religious areas and trade routes. If one works backwards from this idea, then it is possible to conjecture that the base language was part and parcel to religion, since trade can be done without verbal communication. Which begs the question: what ancient religion was involved?

A good candidate is…………….? Next post

Back to the first post on this topic.

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The Next Most Stable Configuration

© 2018 B. L. Freeborn

In the last section the rotation of Earth’s outer crust was discussed and that what we experience as the North and/or South magnetic pole is located in this massive bulk comprising 45% of the Earth. It was suggested that in a large comet impact the outer crust will rotate on the inner core but will move only so far before it ‘locks’ into another stable magnetic position.

In the first image the round magnet sits at the edge of a flat magnet. Notice the tilted angle. The attraction here is so strong that it can pull the large flat magnet. When it is set at the center or pole of the flat magnet, it sits parallel to it as one expects. There it slides easily over its surface until it grabs at the edge as shown. This is its ‘next most stable position’ and definitely where the convergent and divergent magnetism forms the strongest bond.

A round magnet sits at an angle on the edge of a flat magnet.

In the next image of Earth notice that between the outer crust and outer semi-solid core there exists a layer that is considered to be highly viscous. It is proposed that this layer is the interface where the slippage of the outer crust occurs. Notice that it is directly below North 56.5 degrees of latitude. The Earth’s North-South line was severed in the impact as the outer core rotated. The opposite pole developed against the slip layer and it then ‘locked’ with the divergent magnetism of the inner core at North 56.5 degrees. It turned 33.5 degrees. The line of movement was along longitude West 79.2 degrees. The magnetic locking of the outer crust stopped it from rotating further and fortuitously allowed life to continue on Earth by assuring shifts in climatic zones overlapped to some extent.

The Earth’s magnetic poles shift with the outer crust and are realigned overtime by the Earth’s stable inner iron core.

The Magnetic North has moved significantly over the last few decades. It is now very nearly aligned with True North. The Magnetic South Pole is moving as well but at a slower pace.

The Earth is a magnificent structure that is able to absorb an impact from a large comet and minimize the damage. Its outer layers are able to rotate as if on a free axle which absorbs the energy of the impact. It then stops the rotation of its layers as they lock again magnetically.

Back to first post on magnetism.

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Is Earth Losing its Magnetism?

© 2018 B. L. Freeborn

An internet search of the above question suggests that the Earth appears to be losing its magnetism. And the key word in that statement is ‘appears.’

Approximate current pole positions of layers of Earth today. **See note.

The definitive answer lies in the future. Most of those writing and researching the topic believe that the Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the shifting liquid core. They state that the liquid core is 50 times more magnetic than the surface of the Earth. The view taken here is that the magnetic field resides in the solid central core and solid outer crust which comprises 65% of Earth. The field that we experience and observe as Earth’s magnetism lies predominantly in the outer 45% or the mantle. But it is under the influence of the solid inner core which is the more stable magnetic feature of Earth. Consider that the inner core throws its field through the entire outer layers into space, it is theoretically of dense iron which is the most magnetic of the elements, it lies at the center of a gravitational mass and that magnetism is self-centering. All these factors contribute to its role in influencing the outer crust and outer core. Another way to say it is that it programs the outer mantle over time.

(** Note: North Pole of Earth is actually in the South and South Pole is in the North but to reduce confusion in images North is shown in North.)

Consider also that all magnets exhibit a Bloch Wall (Dielectric Plane) at the center. Adding or subtracting to a magnet instantly shifts this plane to the center. It projects outwards in a plane through the structure into space. The Bloch Wall of Earth is never mentioned or depicted in images of Earth’s magnetic field as if it does not exist. This is most likely because the Earth is a composite of two magnetic fields overlaying each other. The field thrown outwards (and inwards) by the outer mantle has its own Bloch Wall. The plane is contorted because it is a composite of at least two fields and because the north and south pole of Earth are not 180 degrees opposite from each other at this time.

Bloch Wall /Dielectric Plane as seen with Ferrocell (left) and with viewing film (right). Photos by Ken Wheeler, “Uncovering the Missing Secrets of Magnetism.”

One can see in the image below that two magnets in close proximity that are not in a simple configuration such as N-S-N-S display erratic fields as shown in the Ferrocell image here. Shifting the magnets shifts the field.

Magnetic field of two broken magnets seen under Ferrocell. Photo by Ken Wheeler, “Uncovering the Missing Secrets of Magnetism.”

It can also be demonstrated with a Ferrocell that the strength of the field is additive, meaning the more magnets that are stacked in alignment the stronger the field grows and the more clear the image becomes. It is not that the same magnets spread out lose their magnetism, it is just their ability to influence the light in the Ferrocell is not as effective when separated. Consider how men on a rope-pull acting in unison can achieve more than each alone.

Magnetic Field of ring magnet as seen under Ferrocell. Photo by Ken Wheeler, “Uncovering the Missing Secrets of Magnetism.”

What the Earth is experiencing, that is being observed as a weakening of the field, is a reprogramming of the outer crust by the solid inner core. Bit by bit and slowly over time the particles in the outer crust are coming into alignment with the inner core. The old pattern stored in the outer crust is being induced into a new alignment. The rapid shifting of the North Pole towards True North in the last half century is a result of this realignment. The realignment in the rest of the outer structure will follow. This is a vast and large demonstration of the same effect one sees when one magnetizes a needle. The Southern Poles will do the same but it will happen at its own rate. The end result will be the magnetic pole will appear to rotate around the true pole not because it is still shifting but because that is how the pole on all magnets work. (See Ken Wheeler films and book, “Uncovering the Missing Secrets of Magnetism.”)

Layers of Earth exhibit cohesive pole positions prior to impact. Bloch Wall passes through equator.

For clarification we need to take a step back in time to when this condition existed on Earth before. The following theory is predicated on the idea that during large comet impacts the outer 45% of the bulk of Earth is free to rotate around on the inner liquid core and that such an event occurred as recently as 5000 years ago. At that point in time there was one magnetic field exhibited by Earth with both inner core and outer mantle exhibiting a single field locked together magnetically. The field had a notable Bloch Wall (Dielectric Plane) passing through the equator and magnetic poles that rotated around the true poles. The outer crust exhibited a magnetic field oriented as shown in the image. Upon being struck it rotated to the next most stable position between two magnets as seen in the image below. (To be explained in the next post.) The rotated field in the outer layer remained as it had been programmed by the solid inner core for many, many millennia but slowly over time it shifted presumably from the inside to the outside so it was not apparent until very recently. The sum of this changing field that varies over time at any given point is most likely what scientists are measuring without realizing it. Hence, the idea it is weakening.

The new field that develops in the future will be one coherent field as before the strike and a much stronger field than exists now as the bulk of the Earth comes into complete resonance with itself once again. All modern stated theories assume we are at the beginning of a pole shift rather than at the end of a pole shift. In other words, the same data can support a completely different view.

Layers of Earth exhibit separate pole positions just after impact and crust displacement.

If the time period quoted is accurate then it happened in recorded human history. We have heard the reports in ancient texts and dismiss them as nonsense and superstition. Ancient records tell us the Sun changed its orientation in the sky, that the people in the northern latitudes were afraid of the sky falling and that the Earth experienced a deluge that killed almost everything alive. All of these stories recount the apocalypse. This word comes from Greek and it means ‘to uncover, reveal.’ A closer look at the word apocalypse is needed: a-pock-cull-lap-si or… ‘a’ (continuous, source), pock (pit), cull (killing off), lap (area), si (came to be). Perhaps there were continuous comet impacts (pocks) that uncovered and revealed the land by melting the northern ice sheet. The collapse of the ice sheet caused the deluge. Essentially the event has been recorded in both our ancient stories and words. Yet we have become way too intelligent to believe what we have been told by our elders.

The shift was in some ways fortuitous for a few. The creation of this second magnetic pole a considerable distance from true north and finding its location allowed for precise measurement of longitude and latitude without a clock. By knowing the exact location of magnetic north and using spherical trigonometry, longitude could be determined. Furthermore, keeping the location secret empowered those in the know. They could navigate the world’s oceans with confidence while others got lost.

More to come…. in the next section. Back to previous section. Back to beginning.

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Thinking about Flipping Earth’s Magnetism

© 2018 B. L. Freeborn

In the previous posts the magnetic strength of each major layer of Earth was discussed. The next step is to look into the idea that the poles of the earth just flip. This is an idea that has become very popular but is it valid?

There was a video here that depicted the reprogramming of magnetic orientation (if it occurs slowly) or the flipping of poles (if instant). !! Now gone.

The best way to approach the idea that Earth’s poles can flip is to think about it extensively first. Here are three thought exercises:

  1. Hold a magnet in your hand firmly. Allow this to be the exterior mass of Earth. Now without moving your hand get the poles to flip. How can it be done?
  2. Hold a magnet in your hand firmly. Allow this to be the interior solid core of Earth. Now without moving your hand get the poles to flip. How can it be done?
  3. Hold a magnet in your hand firmly. Allow the magnet to represent a single layer of sedimentary rock that has recorded the current magnetic field. (In reality they are stacked one on the other in different directions recording its movement.) If the outer shell of Earth is rigid and does not move, how can you shift the magnet’s field by 25 degrees in either direction without moving your hand to simulate the direction of the next sedimentary layer? Remember plate tectonics is gradual so that is not an option.

Proposed answers:

  1. There are only two ways to get the poles to flip without moving your hand:
    -Hold onto the magnet until it loses its magnetism (a very long time) and then expose it to a magnet or electric field with an opposing charge. It will reorient itself accordingly. But that can hardly be called flipping. That is reprogramming it.
    -Hold onto the magnet and expose it to a much much larger and stronger magnetic field. It will flip instantly. What could in reality supply such a field to the Earth? A near miss by a larger planetary type body with a greater magnetic field would do it but it is not likely to happen since large free moving bodies are more rare than comets.
    -There are variations on this but it still requires bringing other very strong magnetic fields into close proximity. So…. essentially it just does not happen.
  2. The poles of the inner core cannot be flipped except as noted in 1. Flipping the interior solid core as a whole is perhaps easier but this is not a flipping of the poles. The solid round core will just rotate within the liquid core. In order to do this, the inner core must be in a magnetically locked position with the outer crust. When the outer crust rotates so does it. Then to flip the pole spinning the planet completely over is required.
    -But we might assume it is always magnetically locked to the outer crust. If it were to break the lock, it would be free to rotate. Although it is a large mass that is hurtling through space around the Sun its momentum would not prevent its rotation since it should be free to rotate around its own center of gravity. This case shall be considered in the future and it will be discussed just how far it can rotate until it locks up again. So ….essentially it can happen but probably less often then a partial rotation.
  3. How does one lay down the next magnetic layer in the sedimentary layers without moving the old sedimentary layers? If the crust cannot and does not move then the field must, and this is what fuels experiments today and defines the current understanding of Earth’s magnetism.

There is an underlying unspoken consensus in the scientific community that the crust/mantle system of the Earth always has been in the position it is today with North America and Russia nicely dominating the northern hemisphere. Period. The only exception is during the time of the single Pangaea which is too long ago to explain modern phenomena; and then artists still show only the southern continents moving away.

There are only three options then: have a perpetually shifting field, overwhelming influence the field externally or move the magnet itself. Modern models are firmly based in the first. The second cannot happen as often as the rock record suggests which leaves the last. It is anathema to the modern scientist to consider that the planet is a layered structure which responds accordingly. It is also forbidden to suggest that the planet is subject from time to time to extreme impacts which can shift the bulky outer 1800 mile layer in relation to the inner core and the ecliptic plane.

This is not as proposed by Charles Hapgood’s popular theory who only envisioned the outer 60 miles, lithosphere, moving on the 460 mile thick semi-lava layer, the asthenosphere. The difference is like trying to slide a rubber tire directly on the rim vs. moving the tire and rim around on a free axle. Since the viscosity of the outer liquid core is said to be less than that of water, it is essentially a free axle.

So …. in the next post let us look at the rock record that indicates the core flips.

Back to previous section. Back to index and beginning.

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Earth’s Magnetism has Gone to Ground

© 2018 B. L. Freeborn

In the previous section the idea that Earth’s magnetic field is solely the result of the moving liquid core was reviewed.

There is another way to view the process. It is proposed that the magnetic properties of Earth are primarily held within the solid core and solid outer shell. The resultant magnetism is the sum of both the properties of the solid materials themselves and the magnetism induced over extensive periods of time into the composite structure by a consistent flow of convective materials in the liquid core. The orientation is held in the solid materials and need not be constantly generated by the randomly moving liquid.

Continuing along this line, the Earth is obviously not a completely coherent object. A single magnet has absolute coherence regardless of size and strength. An arrangement of an infinite number of magnets in any material that does not exhibit magnetic properties as a whole occurs because the magnets are not a coherent system. As coherency develops in the system magnetic properties are exhibited. This is how magnetism is induced in a needle simply by stroking it. Coherency can be induced in more than one way to ‘create’ or ‘induce’ magnetism. The Earth must have enough coherence, although a conglomerate, since it exhibits a dominant dipole system which we call its magnetic poles.

Applying the idea of a quadrupolar field model (see previous section) requires that Earth (a predominately solid 3-D sphere) become so disorganized that it loses a great deal of its coherence. Since the bulk of Earth on the exterior is dense rock, and additionally, it has a large solid core, making it lose its coherence so that it loses its dominant magnetic dipole field becomes literally a shattering of the planet which obviously has not happened in a very long time. In contrast, if we are to believe the Pétrélis article, referenced in the previous section, then the flow within the liquid core is strong enough to create a magnetic dipole at anytime that can overcome the sum magnetic fields laid down over time in the remaining 65% of the solid planet.

Many videos of magnetism are available by guru Ken Wheeler showing how magnets affect a mixture of iron filings in fluid. Many other videos can be found on youtube.

By maintaining the magnetic orientation in the solid structures the fluctuations caused by the moving liquid core are dampened. The moving liquid core is agitated during large comet impacts which must occur more frequently then modern scientists will allow. The liquid core must also move in response to the attraction/repelling of particles between the two magnetized structures it resides between in addition to convection. (See Ferro-Fluid video above.) The system must run down (become incoherent and stationary) and thus lose its magnetic nature over time without periodic inputs of energy as would be supplied by large comet impacts. Indeed, the interior of the planet itself would cool, perhaps solidifying this liquid core without such inputs of energy. As discussed in “A Planet Most Miraculous” the Earth is well suited to absorbing large impacts.

By assuming that the dipole of magnetism we experience as the North and South poles is primarily held in the exterior layer some 1800 miles thick or 45% of the diameter of the planet which can move relatively freely around on the inner liquid core explains several observed phenomena. The core is considered to be solid iron which is one of the most ‘magnetizable materials’ in existence. It comprises 20% of the diameter of the planet. In addition, it is at the center of a large gravitational body and what is gravity but magnetism under a different name. By assuming that this inner core of the planet is another magnetic structure with its own orientation which tends to remain fixed in the True North-True South position explains other observed phenomena. These two structures account for 65% of the diameter and provide ample storage for the Earth’s magnetism.

As explained in “A Planet Most Miraculous: The Mechanics of Earth’s Rotating Crust” the entire outer structure of the planet can be acted upon which will cause the exterior magnetic poles to shift to a different position with respect to the ecliptic plane but remain in the same position with respect to its physical location on Earth. The magnetic dipole field we observe, measure and live by is largely a function of this programmed magnetically coherent conglomerate outer bulk. This is a very important point so it will be explained further.

Let us say that very recently (5000 to 13000 years ago) True North and Magnetic North coincided at the True North Pole. The physical location was in the midst of Hudson Bay at the lowest large arc. But! – Hudson Bay existed not as it is but as a mountainous ice field at the True North Pole. It was many miles high. (The highest mountain in Antarctica is three miles.) A large comet strikes the north pole into this mountainous icy region. It bores a deep hole which gives it a leverage point in which to catch. Combining this with its velocity and mass it is able to transfer its momentum to the structure of Earth. It shifts the outer mantle and crust entirely just like a wheel moves on an inner bearing and it stops at latitude 56.5 degrees north and goes no further. (Why it stops here is discussed in later sections.) The heat of the comet and its velocity allow it to break through the ice. Its fragments ricochet to form the Great Lakes. Large volumes of ice also ricochet to form other structures such as the Carolina Bays. The ice mountains have been transformed into the three arcs of Hudson Bay. This is an area some 400 miles wide and a 1000 miles long once covered by three miles or more of ice or 1.2 million cubic miles of ice. It was instantly melted and so the legend of the Deluge begins.

Afterwards magnetic north lies at 56.5 degrees north. It has shifted 33.5 degrees. In this location it remained for a few thousand years until the magnetic pole gradually shifted northwards. It has moved rapidly over the last 400 years or so to take up its present position. Now it will slowly circle the True North Pole in a clockwise direction. This will be discussed again later in more detail but for the time being understand the following. If the dominant magnetic field of Earth was not essentially within the outer 45% of the planet, it would not have shifted during the impact. There would never have been a two pole (True-Magnetic) system. The stable configuration has now been achieved in the North again and the Southern Poles are slowly moving into realignment. This will hopefully be a good long superchron until the planet is hit again and the process starts all over.

The fact that the magnetic poles are realigning to true north-south suggests that the solid inner core’s magnetic field is the more stable part of this system. This is logical from the standpoint that the very dense core, as an inner spherical magnet made of iron, throws its field entirely through the outer layers especially the liquid outer core. The reverse cannot be said of a hollow sphere magnet (the outer crust which is a conglomerate), nor can it be said of the liquid core. This throwing outwards through the liquid core gives scientists the impression that the liquid core has a substantially stronger field (50 times more powerful) than the solid core or outer crust. But remember, the field of a magnet is thrown outwards, hence the liquid core is substantially under the influence of the solid core.

Recall that a magnet draws material to it and a strong magnet is able to highly compact its ‘atoms’ into a lattice structure. (Chemists successfully use the atomic model to understand the process although it is has its limits.) Two things occur as a magnet becomes more powerful. There is more sharing of electrons and the crystal structure becomes more dense. It is the magnetic properties of the individual atoms (magnetic moment of electron spin) that confers magnetism on the sum of the material. When working in unison the magnetic properties of the individual atoms grows exponentially as resonance develops. (1) With this understanding we realize then that the solid core is 50 times more magnetic than the liquid core. Not the reverse as commonly understood.

Overtime the inner iron core programs the outer crust and they become in-sync. The longer it is stable, the more in-sync they become and the magnetic field of Earth appears to become stronger. During a large comet impact this bulk retains its magnetic orientation as it is shifted away and it dominates until the solid inner core reprograms it.  (As we are experiencing now). What Pétrélis and others see as a quadrupole is actually a ‘broken magnet.’ (To be discussed in a later section.)

Other observed phenomena will be discussed going forward.

More to come…. in the next section. Back to previous section. Back to Index and beginning.

_____________

(1) Nebergall, William,  Schmidt, Frederic, Holtzclaw, Henry,  “General Chemistry”,  Lexington, Ma.: D.C. Heath and Co.,1976, pg. 771 -788.